Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition via Flexible‐Rigid Coupling Composite Network for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li Metal Batteries

Notorious lithium dendrite causes severe capacity fade and harsh safety issues of lithium metal batteries, which hinder the practical applications of lithium metal electrodes in higher energy rechargeable batteries. Here, a kind of 3D‐cross‐linked composite network is successfully employed as a flexible‐rigid coupling protective layer on a lithium metal electrode. During the plating/stripping process, the composite protective layer would enable uniform distribution of lithium ions in the adjacent regions of the lithium electrode, resulting in a dendrite‐free deposition at a current density of 2 mA cm^?2. The LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄‐based lithium metal battery presents an excellent cycling stability at a voltage range of 3.5–5.0 V with the induction of 3D‐cross‐linked composite protective layer. From an industrial field application of view, thin lithium metal electrodes (40 µm, with 4 times excess lithium) can be used in LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (with industrially significant loading of 18 mg cm^?2 and 2.6 mAh cm^?2)‐based lithium metal batteries, which reveals a promising opportunity for practical applicability in high energy lithium metal batteries.     

Pulse colliding in a self-mode-locked ring-cavity ti:sapphire laser

A new self-mode-locked ring-cavity Ti:sapphire laser is described that is self-mode locked in both unidirectional and bidirectional operations. We found that clockwise and counterclockwise pulses collide with each other at the Ti:sapphire rod when the laser is mode locked in a bidirectional operation. Spectrum narrowing and pulse broadening were found in bidirectional rather than unidirectional mode-locked operation. This is explained by the performance of a transient grating in the gain medium that restricts oscillation to a narrow spectral range.     

Clearance of iohexol, chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and creatinine for determining the glomerular filtration rate in pigs with normal renal function: comparison of different clearance techniques

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We wanted to improve determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with plasma clearance techniques because the alternative-renal clearance techniques-may involve inaccurate urine sampling or risk of urinary tract infection when bladder catheterization becomes necessary. Therefore, we compared the renal and plasma clearances of iohexol and chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), as well as endogenous creatinine clearance, in 19 normal pigs using different techniques. METHODS: After an intravenous bolus injection of the GFR markers, 16 plasma samples were used to plot the marker concentrations versus time for 4.5 hr. Urine was collected during nine 30-min periods. Plasma clearance was calculated by dividing the dose of marker with the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) from the time of injection to infinity using one-compartment (ClAUC-slope) and three-compartment (ClAUC-3comp) models. The renal clearance was calculated by dividing the amount of marker excreted in the urine in a period with the AUC in the same period. This AUC was determined by integrating the total area in the period (Clren adv)--our reference method representing the "true" GFR--or by using the arithmetic mean of the plasma concentrations of the marker at the beginning and end of the urine collection period (Clren simple). Creatinine clearance was determined according to Clren simple. RESULTS: Renal clearances of iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA were significantly higher than creatinine clearance (P = .0002). There was no significant difference between the renal clearances of iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA or between their plasma clearances. The two mathematical methods of calculating the renal clearance of iohexol were highly correlated (rs = .99), as were the two methods of calculating its plasma clearance (rs = .95). Because of the extrarenal clearance of the markers, the plasma clearance methods for iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA always overestimated the true GFR. ClAUC-3comp was the method closest to the true GFR. For iohexol, the median overestimation of the GFR was higher with ClAUC-slope when early plasma samples (30-120 min) after injection of the marker were used (5.5 ml.min-1.10 kg-1) than when late samples (180-270 min) were used (4.0 ml.min-1.10 kg-1). After subtracting the median extrarenal clearances of iohexol and 51Cr-EDTA (previously determined in nephrectomized pigs) from their plasma clearances (ClAUC-3comp), the median overestimation of the true GFR was reduced from 2.0 to 1.1 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 with iohexol and from 2.1 to 1.3 ml.min-1.10 kg-1 with 51Cr-EDTA. CONCLUSION: GFR determination with plasma clearance techniques can be improved in three- and one-compartment models by taking late plasma samples and by subtracting the extrarenal plasma clearance of the species. One-compartment models can be improved by determining a correction formula in the species for the early parts of the decay curve of the plasma concentration of the marker.     

Revisiting the security of secure direct communication based on ping-pong protocol[Quantum Inf. Process. 8, 347 (2009)]

A. Chamoli and C.M. Bhandari presented a secure direct communication based on ping-pong protocol[Quantum Inf. Process. 8, 347 (2009)]. M.Naseri analyzed its security and pointed out that in this protocol any dishonest party can obtain all the other one’s secret message with zero risk of being detected by using fake entangled particles (FEP attack) [M. Naseri, Quantum Inf. Process. online]. In this letter, we reexamine the protocol’s security and discover that except the FEP attack, using a special property of GHZ states, any one dishonest party can also take a special attack, i.e., double-CNOT(Controlled NOT) attack. Finally, a denial-of-service attack is also discussed.     

VPDN在虚拟校园网的应用

本文主要介绍利用虚拟专用拨号网(VPDN)实现虚拟校园网的技术方案,并讨论了虚拟校园网系统的安全性。     

酶的固载技术及纳米电化学酶生物传感器的研究进展

该文较详细地阐述了酶的固定化方法和各自的优缺点,以及综述了近年来各种类型的纳米材料在电化学酶生物传感器中的应用,并对今后的工作进行了展望.     

关联规则挖掘在教师成长中的应用

本文在对数据挖掘相关技术、关联规则挖掘算法进行深入研究的基础上,归纳总结了基于粗糙集理论的关联规则挖掘模型和属性约简算法,并将其应用于高校教师的成长中。     

基于优化算法的核函数参数选择的研究

尽管支持向量机在许多问题上有着良好的表现,但是其参数和核函数的参数选取问题依然亟待解决。以往多采用优化算法进行参数选取,但也需要预先经验地获得核函数的参数的选取范围。在介绍结构风险最小化原则及支持向量机算法的基础上,给出了基于优化算法的支持向量机参数选取的一般性算法。由于径向基核函数（RBF）的参数取值大小的不同,可导致其性质和作用不同,为此提出了一种分段函数对RBF的参数进行选择的方法,该方法使得RBF的参数取大值和小值的概率均等。由此可不必预先经验地指定RBF的参数的选取范围,依然可以优化获得最优的参数。通过对头部组织电导率估算问题进行对比研究,取得了良好的效果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于壳聚糖-硅溶胶复合膜固载甲苯胺蓝及纳米金的新型电流型过氧化氢生物传感器的研究

该文基于有机-无机复合膜和纳米技术研制了一种新型的高灵敏度的电流型过氧化氢(H2O2)生物传感器.首先将壳聚糖(CS)和氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)交联制得复合膜(CSHMs),并以该膜固载甲苯胺蓝(TB)和纳米金(GNPs),然后将HRP与CSHMs-TB-GNPs混合滴涂在玻碳电极的表面,最后在其表面吸附一层Nafion保护膜,制得Nafion/CSHMs-TB-GNPs-HRP/GCE修饰电极.Nafion膜可以减少HRP的泄漏,同时增强了传感器的抗干扰能力.用紫外吸收光谱法分析了修饰膜成分的组成,用循环伏安法对修饰电极进行了表征,并用计时电流法对H2O2传感器的性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,H2O2浓度在7.0×10-7～2.3×10-3mol/L范围内与其还原峰电流呈现良好的线性关系,检测下限为2.4×10-7mol/L(信噪比3).     

Windows操作系统EFS加密方式应用及解析

本文介绍了Windows操作系统中EFS加密方式的优点、操作步骤、加密原理及解密方法,并详细列举了5个重点注意事项,为全面理解Windows操作系统中使用的EFS加密手段提供了帮助。