Overload analysis and Je-based fatigue life prediction of spot-welded auto seat belt anchors

We demonstrate the validity of J_e, which comprehensively describes the effects of specimen geometry and loading type, in predicting the fatigue life of auto seat belt anchor panel. We first simplify the heat‐affected zone model to reduce the number of finite elements. We then establish finite‐element models reflecting the actual overload behaviour of three types of seat belt anchor specimens. Using elaborate finite‐element models, we obtain the effective crack‐driving parameter J_e composed of its ductility‐dependent modal components. It is confirmed that the J_e concept successfully predicts the fatigue life of multi‐spot‐welded panel structures represented by auto seat belt anchors here.     

Fabrication of curved micro structures on photoresist layer

A novel fabrication process for micro patterns with curvature was introduced. The curved structures were made by compensating rectangular micro structures with liquid photoresist layer. Because of the surface tension of the liquid in micro scale, various shapes of meniscus can be made on the micro channels. The micro channels were made on the silicon substrate in advance, and then the liquid layer was coated on the micro channels. From the nature of liquid behavior, the curved patterns with smooth surface are obtained, which cannot be made easily with the conventional mechanical machining, as well as with the microfabrication processes, such as wet and dry etching. With this principle, it is expected that the smooth and curved surfaces can be made by simple processes and the results can be applied widely, such as optical patterns.     

Defect Structure and Electrical Properties of Single-Crystal Ba0.03Sr0.97TiO3

The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of single-crystalline Ba_0.03Sr_0.97TiO₃ were measured over a wide temperature (800° to 1100°C) and oxygen partial pressure (10⁵ to 10^-15 Pa) range. Our experimental data, like those of previous workers on nominally undoped BaTiO₃ or SrTiO₃, support a defect model based on doubly ionized oxygen vacancies, electrons, holes, and accidental acceptor impurities. The simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, together with precise experimental data obtained with an advanced thermoectric power measurement technique, enabled us to determine for the first time reliable values for the preexponential factors and the activation energies which characterize the defect equilibrium constants. These calculated values, together with the defect model, were found to give an excellent fit to the experimental data, and were used to generate the boundaries, in P _o2-1/ T space, of the various defect regimes.     

Fate of Pigments and Phytate During Isolation of Protein from Defatted Glandless Cottonseed Flour

In sequentially extracting proteins from defatted glandless cottonseed flour with water, salt (5% NaCl) and alkali (0.2% NaOH) solutions, high concentrations of yellow pigments resulted in watersoluble isolate (WSI), while much of the dark-brown pigments and phosphorus were found in alkali-soluble isolate (ASI) and small amounts of pigments in salt-soluble isolate (SSI). The major protein fractions of WSI and SSI contained small amounts of sugar and pigments and no phosphorus, while that of ASI contained high levels of bound sugar, dark-brown pigments and phosphorus. Yellow pigments were preferentially bound to small molecular weight proteins, but dark-brown pigments were bound to large protein molecules.     

A Process to Produce Light Colored Protein Isolate from Defatted Glandless Cottonseed Flour

Light colored protein isolates could be produced from aqueous protein extract (at pH 9.0) of defatted cottonseed flour by filtering through an ultrafiltration membrane with 100,000 MWCO (molecular weight cut off) pore size and then spray-drying the retentate. The yield of this protein fraction was approximately 68% of the extracted solid. About 15% of the extracted solid was recovered with the low molecular fraction (50,000 daltons) when the permeate of 100,000 MWCO was applied to 50,000 MWCO membrane. Most of the color-causing pigments were associated with the low molecular fraction.     

Adaptive power saving mechanism considering the request period of each initiation of awakening in the IEEE 802.16e system

Performance of the IEEE 802.16 e power management is mainly affected by two operating parameters: the minimum sleep interval (T _min) and the maximum sleep interval (T _max), in sleep-mode operation. To enhance the performance, this letter proposes a new power saving mechanism, which adaptively controls these parameters by considering the request period of each initiation of awakening (Tint)- The numerical analysis and simulation results show that this mechanism can achieve better energy conservation with reasonable response delay of Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Units (SDUs) than the standard operation.