Temperature dependence of the 1.06-microm stimulated emission cross section of neodymium in YAG and in GSGG

A linear temperature dependence between -70 degrees C and +70 degrees C is reported for the peak stimulated emission cross section of Nd3+ ions in both yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (GSGG).     

Removing edges from hypercubes to obtain vertex‐symmetric networks with small diameter

The binary hypercube Q _n has a small diameter, but a relatively large number of links. Because of this, efforts have been made to determine the maximum number of links that can be deleted without increasing the diameter. However, the resulting networks are not vertex‐symmetric. We propose a family of vertex‐symmetric spanning subnetworks of Q _n , whose diameter differs from that of Q _n by only a small constant factor. When n=2^k, the cube‐connected cycles network of dimension n is a vertex‐symmetric spanning subnetwork of Q _{n+lg n} . By selectively adding hypercube links, we obtain a degree 6 vertex‐symmetric network with diameter 3n/2. We also introduce a vertex‐symmetric spanning subnetwork of Q _n−1 with degree log₂ n, diameter 3n/2−2, log₂ n‐connectivity and maximal fault tolerance. This network hosts Q _n−1 with dilation 2(log₂ n)−1. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Large modulation depth, single-moded quantum well waveguide modulator operating around 1.57 mu m

The performance of long wavelength single-mode waveguide modulators suitable for monolithic integration with a quantum well laser is reported. The device operated between 1.560 mu m and 1.570 mu m. The guiding layer was formed by a 0.27 mu m quaternary layer at the centre of which were four 50 AA In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As quantum wells separated by 100 AA InP barrier layers. Lateral confinement was obtained by etching ridges in the top InP contact layer. For devices of 500 mu m length, a modulation depth of 19 dB was obtained at a wavelength of 1.568 mu m with a reverse bias voltage of only 3 V and an internal loss of 2.5 dB.<>     

The Efficient Digital Implementation of Subtractive Music Synthesis

The coming generation of discrete-time organs can use subtractive synthesis to achieve considerable advantages over their present-day continuous-time counterparts.     

Multiple choice questions for continuing education in family medicine

Multiple choice questions used in continuing medical education may require characteristics different from those used in tests and examinations. The questions of three continuing education exercise were assessed by 48 board certified family physicians. Each physician answered one third of the questions and then judged them on usefulness in patient management, as discriminators of quality of medical care, and on educational value. The relevance of each question was determined by a composite index based on these factors. The content of each question was independently analyzed by three physicians. Relevant questions tended to be those concerned with surgery, symptoms, and management, and those requiring more than simple factual recall. Questions on office management or concerning specific diagnoses were considered less relevant. Neither the manner of asking the question nor the severity of the illness appeared to influence relevance. This information should benefit those developing continuing education programs for family physicians, especially those designed for self-administered individual learning.     

Settling strikes in real life and simulations in North America and different regions of Europe.

Data for 2,069 managers from 4 regions (9 countries) taken from the International Research Groups on Management data bank and dealing with a simulation of negotiations, were contrasted with known industrial conflict patterns in the 4 regions. The importance of individual commitment to group strategy in affecting the simulation results regarding the time of negotiation and the bargaining issues was related to cultural differences. Possible implications of cultural differences to the study of managerial behavior in resolving industrial disputes are discussed. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)