NOVEL SULPHONATED POLYSILOXANE POLYUREA-URETHANE IONOMERS

A series of novel polysiloxane polyurea-urethane blockcopolymers based on methy-lene bis (p-phenylisocyanate (MDI), sodium-s-1, 2-dihydroxy propyl sulphonate (SDPS) andaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (ATPS) was synthesized with varying lengthof soft segments and neutralizing cation. The effect of the chemical composition and thecation on the morphology and mechanical properties of the samples were studied.It was found that the SDPS chain extender based samples have definite chemical struc-ture (-MDI-SDPS-MDI-ATPS-). As the length of the soft segment increases, an improve-ment of phase separation was observed. In addition, when SO_3Na was translated into SO_3Hor the sulphonic acid groups were neutralized with different charge cations (Na~+, Zn~(2+) andAl~(3+)), the morphology and mechanical properties changed greatly.     

黄原胶和瓜尔胶混合溶液及其硼砂交联体系的流变性能

本文研究了黄原胶(XG)和瓜尔胶(GG)的混合溶液及其硼砂(B)交联体系的流变性,考察了XG/GG间的“协同增效作用”以及溶液组成、pH和电解质(NaCl和CaCl 2)对其流变性的影响。结果表明,所有溶液体系均为假塑型流体,其流变曲线可用Herschel-Bulkley和Casson模型描述。XG和GG复配具有明显的“协同增粘效应”,在XG占两聚合物的质量分数w(XG)为20%和90%时协同增粘效应最强,其“协同增粘率”(R m)分别约为42%和34%。硼砂(B)可交联XG/GG混合溶液,其交联增粘效果随w(XG)的减小和硼砂质量浓度ρ(B)的增大而增大;在w(XG)=50%和ρ(B)=1.00 g/L时,“交联增粘率”可达85%。在所研究的pH值范围(6.2~10.0)内,XG/GG混合溶液的流变性基本无变化,而XG/GG/B交联体系(w(XG)=50%和ρ(B)=0.75~1.00 g/L)的表观粘度随pH值增大先升高后降低,pH=9.0时出现最大值,交联增粘率达107%。电解质可使XG/GG/B交联溶液(w(XG)=10%和ρ(B)=0.50 g/L)体系的粘度大幅下降,且CaCl 2的影响明显高于NaCl,表明交联结构的耐盐能力较差。这些结果加深了对XG/GG混合溶液流变性的认识,可为其实际应用(如在强化采油中的应用)提供依据。     

含呱嗪聚硅氧烷聚脲聚氨酯及其离聚物的研究

以氨丙基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷及脲键改性聚硅氧烷低聚体分别与４，４－二异氰酸酯二苯甲烷（ＭＤＩ）反应，并用１，４二（２－羟乙基）一呱唪（Ｎ）扩链，合成了一系列含氮杂环聚氨酯共聚物，产物为透明热塑性弹性体，具有良好的成膜性能和宽阔的使用温区。通过碘乙烷和ｖ－丙磺酸内酯对上述样品进行季铵化，合成了阳离子型及双离子型离聚物。用傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）、示差量热分析（ＤＳＣ）、动态力学谱（ＤＭＴＡ）、力学性能等方法对样品进行了表征，结果表明，在聚硅氧烷中引人脲键，提高了软、硬段两相的相容性，体系中既有软段间的氢键作用又有两相间的氢键作用，从而使这类材料的杨氏模量、抗张强度和断裂伸长均明显高于相应的聚二甲基硅氧烷聚脲聚氨醋体系。     

合成气经费托路线直接制芳烃进展

芳烃作为重要的工业基础化学品,可通过合成气直接或间接法转化制备。与间接转化法相比较,合成气直接制芳烃路线(STA)具有原料转化率高、流程短、产品易分离等优点。本研究主要综述了合成气经费托路线直接制芳烃的研究进展,重点分析了金属氧化物耦合分子筛双功能催化剂中费托活性组分与助剂的选择、分子筛酸性调变、孔道结构调控等对催化反应性能的影响;归纳了反应温度、压力、空速、氢碳比等反应参数对反应性能的影响规律,并基于STA反应机理和失活机理等方面概述探讨如何提高活性和稳定性;总结归纳了合成气经费托路线制芳烃面临的主要问题以及今后研究的方向。     

Characteristics of spectral-hole burning in Tm3+:YAG based on the perturbation theory

In this paper, the physical mechanism of the interaction between electromagnetic wave and spectral-hole burning crystal material is investigated in detail. In the small signal regime, a perturbation theory model is used to analyze the mechanism of spectral-hole burning. By solving the Liouville equation, three-order perturbation results are obtained. From the theoretic analysis, spectral-hole burning can be interpreted as a photon echo of the zero-order diffraction echo when the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse are overlapped in time. According to the model, the spectral-hole width is dependent on the chirp rate of the reading laser. When the chirp rate is slow with respect to the spectral features of interest,the spectral hole is closely mapped into time domain. For a fast chirp rate, distortions are observed. The results follow Maxwell–Bloch model and they are also in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Electro-oxidation of Formic Acid on Carbon Supported Edge-Truncated Cubic Platinum Nanoparticles Catalysts

The oxidation of formic acid on edge-truncated cubic platinum nanoparticles/C catalysts is investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that the surface of edge-truncated cubic platinum nanoparticles is composed of two types of coordination sites. ＇/＇he oxidation behavior of formic acid on edge-truncated cubic platinum nanoparticles/C is investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The apparent activation energies are found to be 54.2, 55.0, 61.8, 69.5, 71.9, 69.26, 65.28k J/tool at 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7V, respectively. A specific surface area activity of 1.76 mA·cm^-2 at 0.4 V indicates that the edge-truncated cubic Platinum nanoparticles are a promising anode catalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells.     

Effective Anisotropy in Magnetically Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe Nanocomposite

Considering different contact situations of grains, we effective anisotropies of magnetically soft α-Fe grains, investigate the effects of exchange-coupling interaction on hard Nd2Fe14B grains and NdaFe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite. An expression of effective anisotropy suitable for different degrees of exchange-coupling between grains is presented. The calculation results show that the exchange-coupling interaction increases the average anisotropy of soft grains and decreases that of hard grains. The effective anisotropy of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite decreases smoothly with decreasing grain size when the grain size is larger than 20 nm while it decreases dramaticaily with further decrease of the grain size. In order to maintain high coercivity in Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanoeomposite, the grain size should not be less than 20nm.     

生物质焦油模型化合物催化转化实验研究

以苯和甲苯为焦油的模型化合物,在固定床反应器上研究了堇青石和白云石两种催化剂作用下,温度、蒸汽量和空速对焦油催化转化的影响。结果表明,苯和甲苯的转化率都随温度的提高和空速的降低而升高。在堇青石和白云石催化作用下,甲苯在裂解温度900℃,S/C摩尔比为1.5时转化率最高,转化率均达到95%。苯在裂解温度900℃,S/C摩尔比为1.0时转化率最高,转化率分别为61%和53%。蒸汽量的增大有助于裂解气体成分的调整。堇青石稳定性实验表明,积炭是造成催化剂活性降低的重要原因。     

应用二维偏振红外与拉曼相关光谱研究反铁电液晶的分子结构

应用偏振红外、拉曼光谱研究了一种反铁电液晶化合物在78℃时,SCA 相中的烷基链、刚性核部分的构象、分子排布。用二维相关技术对所得到的偏振红外、拉曼光谱进行分析,把与手性碳相连的甲基的反对称及对称伸缩振动谱带同烷基链中的甲基伸缩振动谱带区分开,并发现在反铁电相中同时存在s-cis和s-trans两种构象。     

锌试剂与壳聚糖的结合反应机理的研究

为从分子水平认识多糖分子与小分子之间相互作用的机理 ,应用光谱法研究了壳聚糖 (CTS)与锌试剂(ZCN)的相互作用机理 ;测得ZCN CTS复合物吸收光谱出现新的吸收峰所需的临界ZCN/CTS摩尔比为 2 .6 7×10 3 ,CTS对ZCN的最大结合数为 6 .93× 10 3 ,实验值与理论值相吻合 ,证明了多糖与生物探针相互作用理论模型的可靠性 ;探讨了ZCN与CTS相互作用产生变色反应的机理 ,认为其是在ZCN与CTS大分子间发生静电相互作用的基础上 ,主要由ZCN与CTS大分子间的疏水相互作用所引起