Finite element simulation for yield stress of hard poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends at different crosshead speeds

Hard poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-sryrene(ABS) blends were prepared using injection-molding and influence of crosshead speed on mechanical properties was examined.Based on morphology parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy photography and the material parameters from true stress-strain curves of neat PVC and ABS,yield stresses of the blends at different crosshead speeds were simulated employing a two-dimensional nine-particle model based on the finite element analysis(FEA).The FEA results were compared with the experimental yielding stress and the good agreement validated the simulation approach.The FEA approach allowed establishing a yielding criterion related to local yielding of the interstitial matrix between ABS particles.     

气相生长碳纤维填充聚苯乙烯的熔体动态流变行为

采用修正的两相模型讨论加工条件对不同体积分数(ψ=0～0.05)气相纳米碳纤维(VGCF)填充聚苯乙烯(PS)熔体(200℃)频率(ω)依赖性动态流变的影响.与弱剪切条件(190℃;30 r/min-5 min)下所制备的材料相比,VGCF在强剪切条件(190℃;120 r/min-10 min)下所制备材料中分散均匀,“粒子相”应变放大因子A,(ψ)较低,而松弛指数n较高.将应变(γ)依赖性G″(ω,ψ)应变放大因子A,(ψ,γ)与“粒子相”特征模量G″fψ(,γc),G″f(ψ,γc)引入两相模型,讨论加工条件对γ依赖性非线性流变行为的影响.研究结果表明,两相模型可定量讨论填充熔体动态流变行为.加工条件影响VGCF在基体中的分散性,但不影响“粒子相”弹性贡献R′f(ψ)与n的关系、G′f(ψ,γc)与非线性应变幂律指数x的关系以及G″f(ψ,γc)与非线性应变幂律指数y的关系,说明“粒子相”对填充熔体黏弹性的贡献与其弛豫特性及结构稳定性密切相关.     

Toughening of ethylene-propylene random copolymer/clay nanocomposites: Comparison of different compatibilizers

Ethylene/propylene-random-copolymer(PPR)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by two-stage melt blending. Four types of compatibilizers,including an ethylene-octene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride(POE-g-MA) and three maleic-anhydride-grafted polypropylenes(PP-g-MA) with different melt flow indexes(MFI),were used to improve the dispersion of organic clay in matrix.On the other hand,the effects of organic montmorillonite(OMMT) content on the nanocomposite structure in terms of clay dispersion in PPR matrix,thermal behavior and tensile properties were also studied. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) results show that the organic clay layers are mainly intercalated and partially exfoliated in the nanocomposites.Moreover,a PP-g-MA compatibilizer(compatibilizer B) having high MFI can greatly increase the interlayer spacing of the clay as compared with other compatibilizers.With the introduction of compatibilizer D(POE-g-MA),most of the clays are dispersed into the POE phase,and the shape of the dispersed OMMT appears elliptic,which differs from the strip of PP-g-MA.Compared with virgin PPR,the Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite evidently increases when a compatibilizer C(PP-g-MA) with medium MFI is used.For the nanocomposites with compatibilizer B and C,their crystallinities(X_c) increase as compared with that of the virgin PPR. Furthermore,the increase of OMMT loadings presents little effect on the melt temperature(T_m) of the PPR/OMMT nanocomposites,and slight effect on their crystallization temperature(T_c).Only compatibilizer B can lead to a marked increases in crystallinity and T_c of the nanocomposite when the OMMT content is 2 wt%.     

Phase transition of Bose–Einstein condensate under decoherence

The effect of decoherence on the phase transition of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a symmetric double-well potential is determined by the mean atom number difference. It still has two phases, the tunneling phase and the self-trapping phase, even under decoherence. The density matrix and the operator fidelity also show very different behaviors in the two phases. This suggests that operator fidelity can be used to characterize the phase transition of this Bose-Einstein condensate model, even under decoherence.     

聚丙烯合金PP-c的晶相结构及形态

用偏光显微镜和广角X射线衍射研究了聚丙烯合金PP c的结晶形态.发现PP -c的晶相结构中不仅存在α-晶型聚丙烯(α- PP ) ,也存在着β-晶型聚丙烯(β-PP) .计算了不同乙烯含量PP c的结晶度和β- PP含量.表明随着乙烯含量的增加,β- PP的含量增加,而PP- c的结晶度下降.通过与同等熔融结晶条件下等规聚丙烯(iPP)的结晶形态相比较,发现乙烯组分含量的增加,改变了球晶的生长状况,降低了PP- c晶相的晶体完整性.     

Bipartite Entanglement Dynamics in Three Qubits System with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction

We investigate the bipartite entanglement dynamics of the system composed by three qubits A, B, and C. There is no interaction between A and B, and that of C and B is Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya （DM） spin-orbit interaction. We find that the purity of qubits A and B and the initial state of the qubit C are the two effective parameters to control the entanglement dynamics of the bipartite subsystems. This study sheds some lights on the control of quantum entanglement, which would be helpful for quantum information processing.     

Entanglement dynamics of a Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction

This paper investigates the entanglement dynamics of the system, composed of two qubits A and B with Heisenberg XX spin interactation. There is a third controller qubit C, which only has Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya (DM) spin-orbit interaction with the qubit B. It is found that depending on the initial state of the controller qubit C and DM interaction, the entanglement of the system displays amplification and sudden birth effects. These effects indicate that one can control the entanglement of the system, which may be helpful for quantum information processing.     

有限理性企业市场占有率的混沌分析

在企业占有市场的模型分析中,运用分支理论和动力学系统理论,发现企业在等价的同一产品中对科研投资和广告宣传产品的力度进行调整时,会导致企业在一定的市场中所占有的市场份额出现分支;并随科研投资和宣传产品资金的增加,企业所占市场份额会进入混沌状态.     

APPLICATION OF TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE TO EVALUATION OF SCATTERING INTENSITY EVOLUTION IN PHASE SEPARATION FOR PMMA/SAN BLENDS

Spinodal phase separation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)(PMMA/SAN)blends was investigated by the time-resolved small angle light scattering (SALS) technique. It was found that the influence oftemperature on the scattering intensity evolution followed the time-temperature superposition principle. The relationshipbetween temperature and the relaxation time of scattering intensity I(t) can be well described by the Williams-Landel-Ferry(WLF) function.     

高密度聚乙烯/石墨导电复合物的PTC行为及其热循环稳定性

研究了高密度乙烯／石墨导电复合物的PTC行为及其影响因素,揭示了内应力随温度升高而松驰对PTC效应的贡献。复合物的导电性能与PTC行为是电导网络的总体结构及其随温度的变化所决定的,与材料组分性质以及各组分之间的相互作用关系不大。当环境温度趋于基体熔点时,复合物热学性质的变化造成导电网络的大规模破坏,是PTC行为产生的根源。热处理等物理手段可改变导电网络的微观结构,但不影响PTC行为赖以产生的物理机制,也不能有效改善PTC行为的热循环稳定性。