三次方程实根的个数初探

在初中数学中,我们曾利用判断式来判断二次方程根的个数.那么,对于三次方程的根的个数,该如何求呢?利用导数,便可以解决.下面讨论:方程ax3+bx2+cx+d=0(a>0)的根.分析函数y=ax3+bx2+cx+d的图像与x轴有几个交点,方程便有几个实根.解由题意得f′(x)=3ax2+2bx+C.     

金等离子体中类Ni和类Ga离子跃迁子阵强度比研究

用Cowan 的原子结构从头算程序和SOSA模型计算各阶电离的金离子的能级结构和跃迁过程,在简化的碰撞辐射模型下求解能级布居数方程,计算了给定密度、不同电子温度下的金等离子体的理论合成谱.研究了类Ni和类Ga离子之间的共振线的强度比随电子温度的变化规律,利用这一变化规律可以为等离子体诊断提供辅助的方法.     

12C6+ 离子束辐照对大鼠离体主动脉环内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

利用兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL) 提供的高能12C6+离子束(能量为300 MeV/u,剂量率为0.5 Gy/min) 辐照大鼠离体胸主动脉环,考察了12C6+离子束辐照对主动脉环内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响,并采用NBT 还原法测定血管环生成超氧阴离子(O2􀀀) 水平,加入外源性超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 干预探讨了O2􀀀在内皮功能损伤中的作用。研究结果表明,2.0,4.0 和6.0 Gy 的12C6+离子束辐照大鼠胸主动脉环后,可致血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的剂量依赖性明显受损(P <0.01 vs control group),并可致血管环NBT 还原能力剂量依赖性增加(4.0 Gy 时,P <0.05;6.0 Gy 时,P <0.01 vs control group)。辐照前加入外源性SOD 对6.0 Gy 12C6+离子束辐照所致血管环NBT 还原能力升高有明显抑制作用(P <0.01),对血管环内皮依赖性舒张功能也有明显的保护作用(P<0.01),但辐照后10 min 加入外源性SOD,其保护作用明显不及前者。结论显示,12C6+ 离子束辐照大鼠胸主动脉环可致血管内皮功能受损,O2 清除剂SOD 对内皮功能受损有保护作用,说明O2􀀀介导了辐照所致内皮功能损伤。Heavy ion beam has many characteristics,and it is expected to be the most suitable radiation therapy technique for malignant tumor. It is lack of depth-understanding on the potential adverse reactions caused by using this technique, because heavy ion radiotherapy is applied to clinical for a short time. Studies have shown that the vascular injury plays a pivotal role in normal tissue damage induced in the conventional radiation therapy, but there was no research report on heavy ion beam irradiation-induced vascular injury. In the present study, the isolated aortic rings of rats were irradiated by 12C6+ ion beam (300 MeV/u, 0.5 Gy/min) delivered by HIRFL(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou), the effects of 12C6+ ion beam irradiation on aortic rings with endothelium dependent diastolic function have been investigated.NBT reduction method was used for assaying the vascular ring formation of superoxide anion (O2􀀀) level, and the involvement of superoxide anion in endothelial function injury in rats was investigated through the intervention test of exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) on O2. The results showed that, the vascular endothelial dependent vasodilation was impaired significantly (P < 0:01 vs control group) by irradiation with 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 Gy 12C6+ ion beam in a dosedependent manner, and the NBT reduction of vascular rings increased dose-dependently (P <0.05 at 4.0 Gy, P <0.01 at 6.0 Gy vs control group). Adding exogenous SOD before irradiation could significantly inhibit the increasing of NBT reduction (P<0.01), and also had protective effect on vascular endothelium dependent diastolic function (P<0.01), but 10 min after irradiation with exogenous SOD, its protective function was significantly less than before. Conclusion indicated that 12C6+ ion beam irradiation could cause endothelial function impaired, O2􀀀 scavenger SOD has a protective effect on endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that O2􀀀 mediates endothelial injury induced by heavy ion irradiation.     

乏氧细胞线粒体与肿瘤辐射抗性

综述了乏氧环境对细胞整体和对线粒体的影响,正常细胞线粒体呼吸链在乏氧环境下的损伤及其与肿瘤的关系,并对肿瘤细胞适应乏氧环境的机制进行了阐述。总结了线粒体作为供能细胞器,对肿瘤细胞在乏氧条件下生长、侵袭和转移及获取能量过程中的作用,并介绍了中国科学科院近代物理研究所利用重离子辐照所做的相关研究成果,包括不同剂量重离子对线粒体DNA超螺旋构象及线粒体功能的影响,同一剂量不同时间重离子辐照后对线粒体DNA 4 977 大片段损伤累积的影响。The hypoxia environment on the cells and mitochondria, and the damage of normal cells mitochondrial respiratory chain in hypoxia and its relationship with tumors are reviewed. In addition, the tumor radiation resistance mechanism in hypoxia are summarized. It also expounds that mitochondria, as energy supply organelles for cells, are related to tumor cells growth, invasion and metastasis in hypoxia environment, besides, it gives a brief introduction to the mitochondria study of the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences with heavy ion irradiation, including effects of different dose of heavy ion on mitochondrial DNA superhelix conformation and function of mitochondria,and the influence on mitochondrial DNA 4 977 damage cumulation in different time after the same dose of heavy ion irradiation.     

化学溶液沉积法制备涂层导体SmBiO3（SBO）缓冲层的研究

通过740-820℃之间进行低温成相,分别在氩气和空气中LaAlO3（LAO）单晶基底上沉积得到了有较大应用前景的涂层导体SmBiO3（SBO）缓冲层.740-800℃所得的缓冲层c轴取向良好,致密、平整、无裂纹.当温度达到820℃时,SBO表面开始出现裂缝.SBO薄膜的相组成和微结构利用XRD和SEM进行分析.研究结...     

Stability,electronic structure,and optical properties of lead-free perovskite monolayer Cs3B2X9(B=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)and bilayer vertical heterostructure Cs3B2X9/Cs3B’2X9(B,B’=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)

The lead-free perovskites Cs₃B₂X₉(B=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)as the popular photoelectric materials have excellent optical properties with lower toxicity.In this study,we systematically investigate the stable monolayer Cs₃B₂X₉and bilayer vertical heterostructure Cs₃B₂X₉/Cs3B02X9(B,B0=Sb,Bi;X=Cl,Br,I)via first-principles simulations.By exploring the electrical structures and band edge positions,we find the band gap reduction and the band type transition in the heterostructure Cs₃B₂X₉/Cs3B02X9 due to the charge transfer between layers.Furthermore,the results of optical properties reveal light absorption from the visible light to UV region,especially monolayer Cs3Sb2I9 and heterostructure Cs3Sb2I9/Cs3Bi2I9,which have absorption peaks in the visible light region,leading to the possibility of photocatalytic water splitting.These results provide insights for more two-dimensional semiconductors applied in the optoelectronic and photocatalytic fields.     

激励学生扬起奋发之帆

“水不激不跃,人不激不奋”．激励,对挖掘人的潜力,激发人的奋进,所起的作用是巨大的．激励在心理学上是指激发人的学习动机,使个体在受到某种内部或外部刺激的影响下,产生一种兴奋情绪,从而有效地完成学习目标的过程．明代教育家王阳明说过：“今教童子,必使其趋向鼓舞,内心喜悦,则其进自不能已”笔者认为,欲使学生内心喜悦,其进不已,离不开教师激励的艺术．根据这一原则,在数学教学中恰当地鼓励评价学生,对促进学生的“主体参与”,形成学生学习的内驱力,从而提高学习成绩显得格外重要．     

高功率全光纤激光器特性

介绍了采用国产光纤光栅研制的全光纤激光器,单端泵浦获得468 W的连续激光输出。从理论上分析了光纤光栅的反射率与波长的关系,计算了输出谱宽值,与实验测得的数据相符。全光纤激光器的光-光转换效率达到70%,且随着功率的增加,光纤光栅的中心波长有向长波方向漂移的趋势。在最高输出功率下180 s之内输出功率波动在0.04%以内。     

基于NIRS技术的复合化肥成分定量分析及应用研究

提出了一种基于近红外漫反射光谱测定复合肥料中尿素、缩二脲和水分等成分含量的新方法。文中在对原始光谱进行预处理后建立了检测这三种成分含量的偏最小二乘(PLS)模型,其检验决定系数R2值分别为0.986 1和0.971 3,所建立模型的交互验证均方根误差RMSECV分别为2.59,0.38,0.132,模型预测相关因子分别为0.973 3,0.921 5,0.967 9;从市售的复合化肥中选取六种样品验证模型的准确性,其相关因子分别为0.923 7,0.978 6,0.987 4。研究结果表明,该方法可以对复合肥料中尿素、缩二脲和水分等成分含量进行快速测定,与传统分析方法相比具有分析时间短、操作简便、环保无污染等优点,有较好的应用前景和实际意义。     

纤蛇纹石制备硅纳米线的研究

以天然矿物纤蛇纹石制备的氧化硅纳米线为氧化剂和模板,镁粉为还原剂,采用镁热还原法制备了系列硅纳米线.利用热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其进行表征.结果表明:温度对反应产物硅的结构和形貌有显著影响,随着温度的上升,样品的结晶度先减小后增大;在温度650℃条件下硅“继承”了氧化硅纳米线的微观结构,而随着温度升高至700℃纳米线的结构出现坍塌,形成硅纳米颗粒.