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We investigate the granular flow states in a channel with bottleneck by molecular dynamics simulations.Our study is restricted only on a selected key area rather than on the whole system to focus on the flow properties of a single granular state.A random force field is introduced to control the granular temperature.It is also pointed out that the flow rate in the granular flow can be correlated with the pressure,which leads us to carry out a comprehensive study similar to the classical study for general liquid-gas phase transition.Our results show that the dilute flow state and the dense flow state of the granules are similar to the gas state and the liquid state of general substances,respectively,and the properties of phase transition and critical phenomenon are also similar to those occurring in general substances. 相似文献
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运用自行设计的实验装置并结合颗粒跟踪与成像技术,系统地研究了不同堆积程度的颗粒堆在准静态崩塌过程中的滑移行为.实验发现在颗粒堆中一部分颗粒沿着斜下方向滑动,而另一部分颗粒则几乎没有滑动.精确的数据分析还表明颗粒堆的滑动部分具有明显的层状结构特征,在每一滑动层中颗粒的滑移量基本相同,且各滑动层之间近似相互平行.这些滑动层与水平面的夹角约在40—50之间,与静态层表面与水平面的夹角一致.各滑动层中颗粒的滑移量随其距静态层表面的距离而线性的增加.不同堆积程度的颗粒堆的静态部分基本上不随堆积体积而改变. 相似文献
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We present a design of an acoustic levitator consisting of three pairs of opposite transducer arrays.Three orthogonal standing waves create a large number of acoustic traps at which the particles are levitated in mid-air.By changing the phase difference of transducer arrays,three-dimensional manipulation of particles is successfully realized.Moreover,the relationship between the translation of particles and the phase difference is experimentally investigated,and the result is in agreement with the theoretical calculation.This design can expand the application of acoustic levitation in many fields,such as biomedicine,ultrasonic motor and new materials processing. 相似文献
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