Examining the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Type and Timing on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness,Interest, and Coercion

Previous research suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with acceptability of and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, very few studies have examined whether the type (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological IPV) and timing (i.e., lifetime, past-year) of IPV experiences differentially relate to PrEP awareness, interest, and perceived PrEP coercion. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine associations between lifetime and past-year physical, sexual, and psychological IPV experiences on PrEP awareness, interest, and perceived PrEP coercion. Data were collected from an online survey administered to 210 women and men. Past-year physical IPV experiences (AOR 4.53, 95% CI 1.85, 11.11) were significantly associated with being interested in using PrEP. Lifetime sexual (AOR 3.69, 95% CI 1.62, 8.40), psychological IPV (AOR 4.70, 95% CI 1.01, 21.89), and past-year sexual IPV experiences (AOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.10, 8.27) were also significantly associated with believing a recent partner would attempt to control the participant’s use of PrEP, if she or he were currently using it. Understanding that engaging in PrEP care is influenced differently by the type and timing of IPV has potential implications for PrEP candidacy guidelines and interventions.     

献血者筛查中的病毒诊断

血液中心的主要职责是提供安全、充足和有效的血液供给。为此,致力于对传染性疾病的检测可高度保障血液成分的安全。目前,在发达国家,通过引入新一代抗体、抗原检测技术以及核酸扩增检测(NAT),经输血传播疾病的风险已很大程度地被降低了。美国采用NAT技术筛查献血者后,HIV-1和 HCV的残余危险已降至约为1:2,000,000。据报道,NAT检测的献血者中HIV-1感染者比例是1:31,000,000,HCV的感染     

房间隔缺损介入封堵术并发症的预防及护理

1临床资料2003-12/2005-01收治房间隔缺损(ASD)24(男15,女9)例,年龄2～68岁,体质量10～72 kg.经心脏X线三位片、心电图、彩色多普勒超声心动图确诊为继发型ASD.经彩色多普勒超声心动图显示ASD直径为4～32 mm,选择的封堵器直径为10～42 mm.结果: 1例术中因封堵器脱落经外科手术抢救治疗无效死亡,1例术后2 d出现Ⅱ度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞,经药物治疗7 d痊愈,余22例封堵器置入治疗患者无并发症发生,疗效满意.     

用气囊充气模拟结肠镜引起大鼠胃运动的变化

1 对象和方法成年雄性SD大鼠84只,清洁级,体质量(200±20) g. 置于安静、温暖(20℃)、避强光的环境中饲养. 随机均分成2组,每组42只; 再随机均分成7个亚组用于直肠顺应性检测,制定压力曲线.     

胰头后面的神经分布

1实验资料 经40g／L甲醛固定好的腹后壁结构完整的成人尸体标本30（男21,女9）例．运用大体解剖学方法解剖观测了这30具成人尸体胰头后面神经分支的形态和分布特征,并逐一观察各神经分支的来源、结果表明,分布到胰头后面的神经共有4个来源,即右腹腔神经节分支（27／30）,腹腔丛右侧半分支（20／30）,肝丛分支（16／30）和肠系膜上丛分支（14／30）,其中前三者为主要来源分支,后者为次要来源分支．该次要来源分支我们称其为“胰头支”．     

静滴青霉素致死1例

1病案资料患者,女,35岁,2004-05因发热、咳嗽、咳痰3 d而到某乡卫生院就诊.查体:T40℃,肺部有湿罗音,P 80次/min,R 24次/min,BP 120/80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).医生开予青霉素钠静滴2 d,后因经济困难,患者要求出院回家治疗,回家后患者继续在本村个体诊所治疗,因疗效不佳,4d后患者再次来到乡卫生院,当时恰逢医生外出不在医院,值班护士因认识患者,出于同情,在简单了解患者在个体诊所所用的药物也是青霉素时,就自作主张给患者注射青霉素,注射青霉素后不到1 min,患者出现面色苍白,全身湿冷,血压测不到等过敏性休克表现,因抢救无效而死亡.     

Internal jugular vein vascular malformation presenting as mass at root of neck: a case report

Background

We report a case of vascular malformation arising from internal jugular vein presenting as mass at root of neck with no clinical stigmata which to the best of our knowledge is the first reported case of an intrinsic vascular malformation arising from the internal jugular vein. Magnetic resonance imaging features of this new entity have been described.

Case presentation

A 27 year male presented with a gradually enlarging, asymptomatic swelling on left supraclavicular region with normal overlying skin. A soft mass, about 7 × 7 cm with restricted mobility was found with normal cranial nerve function. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed a hemorrhagic aspirate. Doppler showed a mass displacing left carotid artery posteriorly while left internal jugular vein was not visualized. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well defined mass isointense to hypointense on T1 weighted and hyperintense on T2 weighted and STIR images with fluid-fluid levels. On exploration, a vascular mass arising from left internal jugular vein was found with good tissue planes, which was excised after ligating the patent internal jugular vein above and below the lesion. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of vascular malformation.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of intrinsic vascular malformation arising from internal jugular vein should be kept in differential while dealing with masses at root of neck and magnetic resonance imaging features may help in the pre-operative diagnosis of this entity.     

Effector CD8+ T lymphocytes against liver stages of Plasmodium yoelii do not require gamma interferon for antiparasite activity

The protective immune response against liver stages of the malaria parasite critically requires CD8⁺ T cells. Although the nature of the effector mechanism utilized by these cells to repress parasite development remains unclear, a critical role for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been widely assumed based on circumstantial evidence. However, the requirement for CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated IFN-γ production in protective immunity to this pathogen has not been directly tested. In this report, we use an adoptive transfer strategy with circumsporozoite (CS) protein-specific transgenic T cells to examine the role of CD8⁺ T-cell-derived IFN-γ production in Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice. We show that despite a marginal reduction in the expansion of naive IFN-γ-deficient CS-specific transgenic T cells, their antiparasite activity remains intact. Further, adoptively transferred IFN-γ-deficient CD8⁺ T cells were as efficient as their wild-type counterparts in limiting parasite growth in naive mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that IFN-γ secretion by CS-specific CD8⁺ T cells is not essential to protect mice against live sporozoite challenge.     

Relations between recurrent trauma exposure and recent life stress and salivary cortisol among children

The present study evaluated the independent and cumulative effects of recent life stress, previous trauma, and recent trauma exposure on salivary cortisol levels among school-aged children. Sixty-eight children (mean age=10.7 years) reported their exposure to life stressors and traumatic events in the 12 months preceding the study. Children and their caregivers reported frequency of exposure to trauma earlier in life. Exposure to life stress within the past 12 months was related to higher afternoon cortisol levels. Exposure to high levels of recent trauma in combination with frequent exposure to trauma earlier in life was related to both lower morning cortisol levels and higher afternoon cortisol levels. Results suggest that frequency, duration, and severity of exposure to stress and trauma played key roles in the prediction of basal cortisol levels in a community sample of urban youth.