Über die Reaktion der regionären Lymphknoten beim tierexperimentellen allergischen Kontaktekzem

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Effect of amlodipine on renin secretion and renin gene expression in rats.

1. This study was done to characterize the influence of calcium channel blockade on renin secretion and renin gene expression in normal rats and rats with renovascular hypertension. To this end we studied the effects of the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, amlodipine, on plasma renin activity and renal renin m-RNA levels in normal rats and rats with unilateral renal hypoperfusion induced by applying 0.2 mm left renal artery clips over four days. 2. In normotensive rats, amlodipine significantly decreased basal blood pressure by about 20 mmHg when applied in a concentration of 5, 15 and 45 mg kg-1. Plasma renin activity and also renin mRNA levels were not changed after application of 5 mg kg-1 of amlodipine. However, at a concentration of 15 or 45 mg kg-1, amlodipine, significantly increased not only plasma renin activity by about 250% and 300%, but also renin mRNA levels by about 100% and 500%. The action of amlodipine on all these parameters was maximal after 24 h. Treatment with amlodipine in a concentration of 15 mg kg-1 also increased renin immunoreactive areas in the kidney cortex by retrograde recruitment of renin expressing cells in the afferent arterioles. 3. In 2kidney-1 clip rats, systolic blood pressure rose continuously whilst plasma renin activity and renin m-RNA in the clipped kidney increased transiently and renin m-RNA in the contralateral kidney was constantly suppressed. Amlodipine at a concentration of 15 mg kg-1 markedly attenuated the increase of blood pressure in 2kidney-1 clip rats, produced an almost additive effect on plasma renin activity and showed a tendency to increase renin m-RNA levels in the clipped kidneys. Renin m-RNA levels in the contralateral kidney were also significantly suppressed in the animals receiving additional treatment with amlodipine. 4. These findings suggest that inhibition of calcium channels by amlodipine stimulates renin secretion and renin gene expression in vivo. These stimulatory effects are almost additive to the changes of renin secretion occurring after an unilateral fall of renal perfusion pressure.     

Domperidone is superior to ondansetron in acute apomorphine challenge in previously untreated parkinsonian patients - A double blind study

Dopaminergic stimulation by apomorphine causes severe adverse effects such as vomiting and sedation. We compared the effectiveness of the serotonin 5-HT₃ antagonistic antiemetic drug ondansetron in a single oral dose with the standard regimen using domperidone TID 2 days prior to stimulation. In a double blind, randomised parallel group design, 16 previously untreated Parkinsonian patients were investigated, eight patients received domperidone (total dose 140 mg, starting 2 days prior to apomorphine challenge) and eight patients ondansetron (8 mg single dose 2 hr prior to investigation). Adverse events following the injection of 2–3 mg apomorphine were rated on a four-item scale. In an overall analysis, dopaminergic stimulation was significantly better tolerated, if the patients received domperidone, whereas more severe adverse effects were noted after ondansetron. Following ondansetron pre-treatment, seven patients experienced marked nausea or vomiting, all patients yawned, six patients had marked sedation, two patients a blood pressure decrease of more than 20 mmHg, and four patients strong sweating. In contrast, the latter side effect was found only in one patient pre-treated with domperidone, no patient had significant blood pressure decrease, all patients yawned, and seven domperidone patients had slight nausea. We conclude that oral ondansetron is no alternative to domperidone in the pre-treatment regimen of dopaminergic stimulation.     

Analysis of the CAG repeats in the SCA1 and B37 genes in schizophrenic and bipolar I disorder patients: Tentative association between B37 and schizophrenia

We have genotyped unrelated French Alsatian schizophrenic and bipolar I disorder (BPD) patients and matched controls for the polymorphic CAG repeats within the genes for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (B37), in order to test their possible involvement in these disorders. No alleles with abnormally expanded repeats were found in either gene in patients and controls. Differences in allele and genotype frequencies for the SCA1 CAG repeat between patients and controls were not significant, thus providing no support for its role as a possible positional candidate gene for schizophrenia and BPD in our patients. Chi square testing revealed a significant result ( P = 0.019) for an association between the B37 CAG repeat on chromosome 12p and schizophrenia. This result was more significant when only schizophrenics with a positive family history were compared with controls ( P = 0.0001). The frequencies of alleles with 14, 12, and 15 CAG repeats differed the most, respectively, between schizophrenics and controls. When choosing the median of the B37 allele distribution (15 CAG repeats) as a threshold, there were significantly more controls than schizophrenics in the group with longer alleles (15 or more repeats) and more schizophrenics with shorter alleles ( P = 0.002 by Fisher exact test). No particular genotype was associated with schizophrenia. This result possibly indicates linkage disequilibrium with another locus on chromosome 12p and therefore deserves further attention. No association was found between the B37 CAG repeat and patients with BPD. Am. J. Med. Genet. 74:324–330, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Creation of disc displacement in human temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of iatrogenically creating disc displacement in the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fourteen fresh TMJ autopsy specimens with superior disc position were selected for the study. The upper and lower joint spaces were exposed via a preauricular incision and two to three superficial mediolateral incisions were made in the inferior surface of the posterior disc attachment (ie, retrodiscal tissue). After these incisions were made it was possible to manually displace the disc anteriorly. To maintain the disc in the anterior position the condyle was positioned against the posterior disc attachment in a manner corresponding to the closed mouth position. The joints were then fixed in this relationship and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was repeated using the same scanning plane and scanning parameters as before intervention. After imaging, the joints were cryosectioned to show the degree of disc displacement. Histologic analysis was made of the posterior disc attachment. Postoperative MR images and cryosections showed the disc to be displaced anteriorly in 12 of the 14 joints. Displacement of the disc was complete in eight joints (the entire mediolateral dimension of the joint) and partial (only in the lateral part of the joint) in four joints. The disc remained in a superior position in two joints. Cryosections and histologic analysis showed the incisions in the inferior aspect of the posterior disc attachment to be superficial. The results of this study suggest that the integrity of the inferior aspect of the posterior attachment of the disc to the condyle is essential for keeping the disc in its position superior to the condyle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Prevalence of missing posterior teeth and intraarticular temporomandibular disorders.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The association between missing mandibular posterior teeth and the development of intraarticular temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of missing mandibular posterior teeth and intraarticular TMDs in a mixed population of asymptomatic subjects and symptomatic TMD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-two asymptomatic volunteers and 263 symptomatic TMD patients were included in this study. Asymptomatic volunteers completed a subjective questionnaire and underwent clinical examination to document the absence of TMD signs and symptoms. All symptomatic subjects had localized jaw joint pain and pain on movement or when eating. The number of missing mandibular bicuspid and molar teeth (excluding third molars) in each subject was recorded, and magnetic resonance images were made to document the presence or absence of disk displacement in the temporomandibular joints. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: group 1 = asymptomatic, normal magnetic resonance imaging result; group 2 = asymptomatic, disk displacement; group 3 = symptomatic, normal magnetic resonance imaging result; and group 4 = symptomatic, disk displacement. Collected data were analyzed with chi-square tests (P<.05) with no adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: A positive association between missing mandibular posterior teeth and the presence of disk displacement was found. CONCLUSION: The literature does not suggest that replacement of missing posterior teeth prevents the development of TMDs. However, missing mandibular posterior teeth may accelerate the development of degenerative joint disease.     

A double blind trial of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Summary Eighteen patients with atopic dermatitis were randomly chosen for a clinical trial to compare the action of the H₂ receptor antagonist cimetidine in combination with the H₁ receptor antagonist chorpheniramine against chlorpheniramine alone and against placebo. Each treatment period lasted for 4 weeks. Intensity of puritus was recorded daily by the patient on an analogue scale. Global clinical assessment was graded on a 5-point scale every 2 weeks by the investigators and weekly by the patient himself. Further study parameters were: quantity of the corticosteroid ointment used for emergencies, immunoglobulin E level, and eosinophil count. The data of 16 patients was evaluated. These was no significant difference in any of the study parameters during the three treatment periods. On the basis of this study, the combined administration of H₁ and H₂ receptor antagonists is of no benefit in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.