Prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium changes the morphology of the male rat cervical spinal cord: a stereological and histopathological study

Diclofenac sodium is one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It may cause alteration in the nervous system during neuronal development. However, there is no investigation concerning its role in the cervical spinal cord. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups, namely drug-treated and control (saline-injected) groups. To obtain the offspring of the drug-treated group, a dose of 1 mg/kg daily diclofenac sodium (Voltaren, 75 mg/3 ml ampoule, Novartis) was injected into the pregnant rats beginning from the 5th day after mating to the 20th day of the pregnancy. To obtain the control group of offspring, serum physiological at a 1 ml/kg daily dose was injected into the pregnant control rats during the same period. Male offspring were obtained after delivery and each group was divided into two subgroups: 4-week-old and 20-week-old. The total neuron number in diclofenac sodium-treated rats was significantly lower than in the control group animals. The total volume of the cervical spinal cord segments (C1-C4) was also estimated. There was a significant difference between the volumes of the two groups, especially in the 20-week-old subgroup. This may suggest that development of neurons and volume of cervical spinal cord are affected in prenatal animals after administration of diclofenac sodium.     

肝胆外科进修医师带教体会

肝胆外科进修医师的教学属于继续教育的范畴。在教学工作中,采用"以人为本"的进修教学计划,进行医院优良传统教育,构建自主和谐的进修学习氛围,采用PBL教学方法,运用丰富生动的多媒体课件,适度增加手术和操作实践,达到了满意的教学效果。     

Development of a multilocus sequence tool for typing Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium andersoni

Although widely used for the characterization of the transmission of intestinal Cryptosporidium spp., genotyping tools are not available for C. muris and C. andersoni, two of the most common gastric Cryptosporidium spp. infecting mammals. In this study, we screened the C. muris whole-genome sequencing data for microsatellite and minisatellite sequences. Among the 13 potential loci (6 microsatellite and 7 minisatellite loci) evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing, 4 were eventually chosen. DNA sequence analyses of 27 C. muris and 17 C. andersoni DNA preparations showed the presence of 5 to 10 subtypes of C. muris and 1 to 4 subtypes of C. andersoni at each locus. Altogether, 11 C. muris and 7 C. andersoni multilocus sequence typing (MLST) subtypes were detected among the 16 C. muris and 12 C. andersoni specimens successfully sequenced at all four loci. In all analyses, the C. muris isolate (TS03) that originated from an East African mole rat differed significantly from other C. muris isolates, approaching the extent of genetic differences between C. muris and C. andersoni. Thus, an MLST technique was developed for the high-resolution typing of C. muris and C. andersoni. It should be useful for the characterization of the population genetics and transmission of gastric Cryptosporidium spp.     

肝门部胆管癌10年外科治疗经验

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌单个治疗组10年外科治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年12月第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院收治的1572例肝门部胆管癌患者中,单个治疗组收治的462例患者的临床资料.其中手术治疗314例,非手术治疗148例.对可能影响预后的因素采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Log-rank检验以及Cox回归模型分析,不同因素间相关性分析采用X2检验.结果 314例行手术治疗的患者中,237例切除肿瘤,其中R0切除174例、R1切除17例、R2切除46例.91例患者出现各种术后并发症,10例患者术后院内死亡.260例患者获得随访,总体1、3、5年生存率分别为71.7%、32.6%和10.9%;R0切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为76.9%、48.6%和32.7%,中位生存时间为35个月.R0切除、TNM分期、区域淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度是预后的独立影响因素(RR=2.1,1.9,2.2,1.7,P<0.05).结论 根治性切除仍然是肝门部胆管癌治愈的首选方法,术前系统性评估和准备可以提高根治切除率并减少手术并发症.     

Cavernoma of the trochlear nerve

Here we present the case of a 53-year old man with progressive double vision due to isolated left trochlear nerve palsy. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a small tumor within the left quadrigeminal cistern that did not increase in size after several months. Explorative neurosurgical intervention revealed a left trochlear nerve cavernoma. The lesion was microsurgically excised followed by end-to-end anastomosis of the trochlear nerve. After a one-year follow up, double vision totally disappeared and cranial MRI showed no recurrence. Cerebral cavernous malformations usually become symptomatic in seizures or focal neurological deficits after intracerebral hemorrhage. Rarely, cavernomas arise from cranial nerves. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on a symptomatic cavernous malformation arising from the trochlear nerve and on its successful surgical management.