中国女性卵巢癌流行现状和趋势及预测分析

目的：　对1990至2019年中国女性卵巢癌流行趋势及危险因素进行分析,为我国卵巢癌的预防提供更科学的依据。方法：　从全球疾病负担2019数据库获取中国及其他地区卵巢癌发病、死亡及伤残调整寿命年指标的估计数和标准化率,比较评估中国卵巢癌的流行负担及危险因素变化。用GLOBOCAN库对2020至2040年中国卵巢癌发病及死亡人数进行预测。结果：　1990至2019年,中国大陆和中国台湾省卵巢癌的年龄标准化发病率分别由2.56/10万和4.72/10万增至4.54/10万和8.68/10万,年龄标准化死亡率由1.76/10万和2.63/10万增至2.77/10万和3.84/10万,增幅超过全球、日本及新加坡。其中,50~54岁年龄组女性发病人数最多,发病率的峰值出现在70~74岁。2019年卵巢癌死亡的三大危险因素分别是高空腹血糖、高体质指数和职业性石棉暴露。30年间,中国卵巢癌的年龄标准化伤残调整寿命年率（disability-adjusted life year,DALY）随社会人口学指数（socio-demographic index,SDI）增加而增加。此外,据GLOBOCAN数据库预测,中国卵巢癌疾病负担会持续加重,预计到2040年,发病人数较2020年增加17.9%,死亡人数增加33.0%。结论：　中国女性卵巢癌疾病负担仍然较重,且在不断上升,需要针对不同年龄段及风险人群采取相应的有效预防措施,加强对高风险人群的监测,以进一步降低疾病负担。     

虚拟现实技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能培训效果与评价

目的　探讨将虚拟现实（VR）技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能培训的可行性,并对其培训效果进行评价。方法　以创建肾切除术的VR软件为例,将该VR软件应用于外科学研究生的手术培训,并与传统教学方式进行比较,了解其培训效果。同时发放调查问卷,了解该VR软件的性能特点及技术优势。采用ＳＰＳＳ 23.0进行t检验。结果　采用VR软件培训组的考试成绩[（92.17±0.38）分]明显优于传统教学方式培训组的考试成绩[（87.94±0.43）分],差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。共回收有效调查问卷35份,82%以上的调查对象认为VR手术教学具有训练画面逼真、立体感强、界面友好、操控简单、交互性良好、便于全维度观看、课程内容精彩丰富、学习效果好、能够激发学习兴趣等优势,100%调查对象认为VR手术教学能够替代传统手术教学方法。结论　将VR技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能的培训具有可行性;将VR技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能培训的效果明显优于传统教学方式,值得进一步推广应用。     

脾动脉部分栓塞术治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效观察及护理

目的:探讨脾动脉部分栓塞治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床效果和护理措施.方法:将29例患者随机分为实验组(16例)和对照组(13例),对照组采用常规的脾切除治疗,实验组改为采用脾部分栓塞治疗,对比疗效.结果:脾栓塞组与脾切除组的近期、远期疗效比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:脾部分栓塞治疗不仅达到了与脾切除相似的疗效,还能保留脾脏部分免疫功能;且手术创伤小,安全性好,采取适当的护理后无严重并发症的发生,患者更易接受.     

骨髓基质细胞移植加快化疗小鼠造血与免疫功能恢复的实验研究

目的 探讨骨髓基质细胞移植对化疗小鼠造血和免疫功能的影响。方法 BABL／C小鼠骨髓基质细胞体外扩增培养,然后移植化疗后的同系小鼠,观察不同时点外周血象、骨髓集落形成单位、骨髓细胞增殖指数和脾细胞增殖反应的变化。结果 输注扩增培养的骨髓基质细胞无毒副反应,移植了骨髓基质细胞的小鼠各项指标到第7天就已恢复至正常水平,而对照组则需14d,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论 骨髓基质细胞移植不仅能够加快化疗小鼠造血功能的重建,而且有助于免疫功能的恢复。     

Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses

Influenza viruses need to use sialic acid receptors to invade host cells, and the α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialic acids glycosidic bonds linking the terminal sialic acids are generally considered to be the most important factors influencing the cross-species transmission of the influenza viruses. The development of methods to detect the binding of influenza virus HA proteins to sialic acid receptors, as well as the development of glycobiological techniques, has led to a richer understanding of the structure of the sialylated glycan in influenza virus hosts. It was found that, in addition to the sialic acid glycosidic bond, sialic acid variants, length of the sialylated glycan, Gal-GlcNAc-linked glycosidic bond within the sialylated glycan, and sulfation/fucosylation of the GlcNAc within the sialylated glycan all affect the binding properties of influenza viruses to the sialic acid receptors, thus indirectly affecting the host specificity of influenza viruses. This paper will review the sialic acid variants, internal structural differences of sialylated glycan molecules that affect the host specificity of influenza viruses, and distribution characteristics of sialic acid receptors in influenza virus hosts, in order to provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the in-depth investigation of cross-species transmission of influenza viruses and the development of new antiviral drugs.     

Data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomic analysis of m.3243A>G MELAS reveals novel potential pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

The pathogenesis of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes (MELAS) syndrome has not been fully elucidated. The m.3243A > G mutation which is responsible for 80% MELAS patients affects proteins with undetermined functions. Therefore, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis on skeletal muscle specimens from MELAS patients. We recruited 10 patients with definitive MELAS and 10 age- and gender- matched controls. Proteomic analysis based on nanospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed using data-independent acquisition (DIA) method and differentially expressed proteins were revealed by bioinformatics analysis. We identified 128 differential proteins between MELAS and controls, including 68 down-regulated proteins and 60 up-regulated proteins. The differential proteins involved in oxidative stress were identified, including heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), alpha-crystallin B chain (CRYAB), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and selenoprotein P. Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in phagosome, ribosome and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway. The imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, the activation of autophagosomes, and the abnormal metabolism of mitochondrial ribosome proteins (MRPs) might play an important role in m.3243A > G MELAS. The combination of proteomic and bioinformatics analysis could contribute potential molecular networks to the pathogenesis of MELAS in a comprehensive manner.     

IL-20RB mediates tumoral response to osteoclastic niches and promotes bone metastasis of lung cancer

Bone is a common site of metastasis in lung cancer, but the regulatory mechanism remains incompletely understood. Osteoclasts are known to play crucial roles in osteolytic bone metastasis by digesting bone matrix and indirectly enhancing tumor colonization. In this study, we found that IL receptor 20 subunit β (IL-20RB) mediated a direct tumoral response to osteoclasts. Tumoral expression of IL-20RB was associated with bone metastasis of lung cancer, and functionally, IL-20RB promoted metastatic growth of lung cancer cells in bone. Mechanistically, tumor cells induced osteoclasts to secrete the IL-20RB ligand IL-19, and IL-19 stimulated IL-20RB–expressing tumor cells to activate downstream JAK1/STAT3 signaling, leading to enhanced proliferation of tumor cells in bone. Importantly, blocking IL-20RB with a neutralizing antibody significantly suppressed bone metastasis of lung cancer. Overall, our data revealed a direct protumor role of osteoclastic niche in bone metastasis and supported IL-20RB–targeting approaches for metastasis treatment.     

Highly selective NH3 gas sensor based on Co(OH)2/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites operating at room temperature

Ammonia (NH₃) is a common air pollutant and is a biomarker for kidney disease. Therefore, the preparation of ammonia gas sensors with high sensitivity, good selectivity and low operating temperature is of great importance for health protection. Using the in situ electrostatic self-assembly approach, a chemoresistive gas sensor based on Co(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid material was created in this study. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, BET and other testing methods for structure, surface topography and elements. These samples were fabricated into sensors, and the gas sensing properties of the materials were investigated under different test conditions. The results show that the gas response value of the C/M-2 sensor is up to about 14.7%/100 ppm, which is three times the response value of the sensor made of pure MXene to NH₃. In addition, the Co(OH)₂/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid sensors exhibit excellent repeatability, high sensitivity under low concentration (less than 5 ppm), fast response/recovery time (29 s/49 s) and long-time stability, which indicates their promising utility in the IoT field.

The prepared Co(OH)₂@Ti₃C₂T_x composite shows good gas sensing performance for ammonia at room temperature, making it a promising candidate for a practical detector for NH₃.     

菊黄上清含片的薄层色谱鉴别

目的建立菊黄上清含片的薄层鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对菊黄上清含片中的羊耳菊、甘草、冰片3味药材进行定性鉴别。结果在薄层色谱中分别检出了羊耳菊、甘草、冰片的特征斑点,阴性对照无干扰。结论该方法简便可行、专属性强、重现性好,可用于菊黄上清含片的质量控制。     

珍珠层用于成骨研究中的进展

在口腔颌面领域,骨缺损通常是由牙周炎症、外伤、肿瘤等引起的,而骨移植是目前治疗颌面骨缺损的有效方法.在过去的二十年里,随着牙种植的广泛开展,口腔临床对骨再生修复的需求越来越大,骨替代物移植越来越被视为一种潜在的解决方案.为了克服自体骨移植以及同种异体骨移植的弊端,探索有效的组织工程修复方法势在必行.珍珠层是一种由有机基...