Genetic linkage analysis of pulmonary fibrotic response to silica in mice.

Inter-individual variations in the development of silicosis, even within the same environments, have been reported, which suggest the contribution of genetic factors in silicosis aetiology. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is any significant genetic influence on the development of silicosis. Furthermore, which genetic loci are responsible for the pulmonary response to silica exposure? Eight strains of inbred mice were used to examine the genetic influence on the lung fibrotic response to silica exposure. After intercross-breeding between the most susceptible and most resistant strains, a genome-wide linkage analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) was performed. Hydroxyproline was applied as an index, and genotypes of 167 marker genes were analysed by fragment analysis using a capillary-type sequencer. There was significant inter-strain difference in the mean concentration of hydroxyproline contents among the eight strains of mice. Breeding studies were conducted between the most susceptible, C57BL/6J, and the most resistant strain, CBA/J. A genome-wide linkage analysis of silica-exposed intercrossed cohorts identified significant QTL on chromosome 4 and suggestive QTL on chromosomes 3 and 18. The present study demonstrates that genetic factors may play a significant role in fibrotic-lung responses to silica; one significant and two suggestive quantitative trait loci were identified.     

经皮激光椎间盘减压术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的探讨经皮激光椎间盘减压术（percutaneous laser disc decompression，PLDD）治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的疗效。方法2002年6月～2004年12月我院对36例椎间盘源性腰痛，采用英国DIOMED公司半导体激光仪，激光功率15W，每个激光脉冲持续1s，间隔1s，照射能量800～1200J。VAS评分评价治疗效果。结果手术时间15～60min，平均30min。32例出现“疼痛复制效应”。36例随访6～36个月，平均11个月，32例有效（术后VAS评分改善≥3分18例，≥分14例），4例无效，有效率88．9％（32／36）。结论PLDD治疗椎间盘源性腰痛安全、有效、微创。     

Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines (HMs), as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy, compared to placebo or conventional approaches in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from both conventional and alternative medicine sources. Outcome measures were overall improvement, quality of life, reduction of levodopa dose, and adverse events. Nine studies were included, each testing a different HM. Six of the trials had limited internal validity due to major flaws in design, including the lack of proper randomization; insufficient blinding; unclear inclusive criteria in terms of diagnostic criteria, baseline staging, and duration of disease; lack of proper sample size calculation; and insufficient data analysis. Imbalances in gender and ethnicity among the patients in the included trials were observed. No major adverse events emerged, and no specific pattern was detected from the trials describing such data. In addition to major methodological defects, heterogeneity in (1) HM tested, (2) control treatment, and (3) outcome measure hindered in-depth data analysis and synthesis. Current evidence is insufficient to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various HMs. Further studies with improved trial design and reporting, with assessment on cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and qualitative data are warranted.     

护理本科生创造性思维培训

[目的]对护理本科生实施创造性思维训练,并评估该训练方案的有效性。[方法]对20名护理本科生实施为期3个月的创造性思维培训,并与24名不接受培训者进行对照。采用《创造性思维练习》量表对培训前后学生的创造性思维进行测定。[结果]培训后实验组较对照组的创造性思维总分及流畅性得分有显著提高(P<0.05);变通性和独创性得分无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]创造性思维培训对提高护理本科生创造性思维总体有效,其中对提高创造性思维的流畅性效果显著。     

匹格列酮激活过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体(PPAR-γ)提高伴有主要心血管危险因素的非糖尿病病人内皮依赖舒张功能

研究背景:伴有心血管危险因素的患者有内皮功能障碍,是导致动脉粥样硬化发病机制的关键因素之一, 在糖尿病患者中应用四氢噻唑产生了多种抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,本研究证实匹格列酮在伴有心血管危险因素的非糖尿病病人中提高内皮功能的假设。方法和结果:研究采用随机,双盲,安慰剂对照,交叉设计。入选80 名同时伴有高血压和高胆固醇血症的患者。胰岛素敏感性用定量胰岛素敏感检测指数(QUICK)评价。进一步将患者分为胰岛素敏感和胰岛素抵抗,在每个治疗阶段,患者每天服用匹格列酮45 mg或安慰剂共八周,在每8 周末,进行实验室检查。应用匹格列酮组血浆胰岛素水平显著下降,QUICK胰岛素敏感指数升高,HDL升高,甘油三酯、自由脂肪酸,和C-反应蛋白水平降低。匹格列酮治疗显著提高缓激肽的内皮依赖性舒张功能而不影响对硝普钠的反应。多变量分析显示:只有总胆固醇的变化预示匹格列酮提高内皮活性。结论:伴有心血管危险因素的非糖尿病病人中,匹格列酮治疗提高胰岛素敏感性,降低C-反应蛋白,提高内皮血管扩张功能。这些结果并不密切相关,提示匹格列酮对血管的有益作用独立于其对胰岛素敏感性和炎性的作用。     

Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve: A New Method Using Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) has been used toassess coronary microcirculation and epicardial coro-nary stenoses[1— 3 ] . CFR is defined as the ratio ofcoronary flow under maximal coronary vasodilatationto coronary flow under resting conditions[4 ] .Whenthe cross- sectional area of epicardial coronary arteriesis constant,coronary flow velocity (CFV) ratios areequal to volume flow ratios.The most common method used clinically formeasuring CFVR is intracoronary Doppler flow(ICD) analysis re…     

晶体玻璃体视网膜联合手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术（ｖｉｔｒｅｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＶＲ术）联合晶体切除／超声粉碎的效果。方法对８１例（８１只眼）应用晶体玻璃体视网膜联合手术（ｌｅｎｔｉｃｕｌａｒ－ｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＬＶＲ术）治疗的复杂性视网膜脱离进行回顾性分析。结果解剖性成功者６４只眼（７９．０１％），功能性成功者４５只眼（５５．５６％）；手术成功率显著降低的原因是前部增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｖｉｔｒｅｏ－ｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＰＶＲ）（成功率４２．８６％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和术中／术后眼内出血（成功率５８．８２％，Ｐ＜０．０２５）。结论ＬＶＲ术是治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的主要方法；显著影响手术预后的因素是前部ＰＶＲ和术中／术后眼内出血。     

外阴汗腺癌七例临床分析

目的：总结外阴汗腺癌的临床特点及治疗方法。方法：对７例外阴汗腺癌病例进行回顾性分析。结果：外阴汗腺癌的发病年龄为４０～５８岁。７例患者的治疗为局部扩大切除或根治性外阴广泛切除，２例辅以术后放疗。７例中５例存活５年以上，其中１例曾在首次治疗后第７年、１１年２次复发并于第１７年死于肿瘤。２例存活＜５年，１例在术后２年半死于脑出血，１例因脊椎广泛转移在术后１年零９个月死亡。结论：外阴汗腺癌的预后较好，局部扩大切除或根治性外阴切除，是首选治疗方法。