胶体磷酸铬^32P关节腔内注射改善佐剂型关节炎大鼠的相关指标

目的:观察胶体磷酸铬32P关节腔内注射治疗大鼠佐剂型关节炎的效果。方法:实验于2006-07/09在南京市第一医院动物实验室完成。选择6～8周龄清洁级SD雌性大鼠30只,按随机数字表法分为3组,正常对照组、模型组、胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组,每组10只。大鼠左足跖皮内注射完全弗氏佐剂0.1mL免疫法制备佐剂型关节炎模型。胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组于造模后10d左踝关节腔内注射37GBq/L胶体磷酸铬32P0.02mL,即0.74MBq,正常对照组和模型组分别给予等量生理盐水左踝关节腔内注射。①每2周观察1次大鼠左踝关节左右径宽度。②关节炎指数评定采用关节炎评分法(0～4分),分数越高,症状越重。③于用药后2,4,6周采用99Tcm-MDP显像感兴趣区分析法计算大鼠左踝关节区和右胫腓骨的放射性计数比。④于用药后4,6周测定血清肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素1β水平。⑤于用药后4,6周观察大鼠滑膜组织和软骨组织病理学改变。结果:纳入大鼠30只,均进入结果分析。①用药后2周模型组大鼠左踝关节左右径宽度大于正常对照组[分别为(7.82±0.36),(5.89±0.35)mm],差异有显著性意义(t=12.16,P<0.001),胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组大鼠左踝关节左右径宽度大于模型组,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。用药后6周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组大鼠左踝关节左右径宽度小于模型组[分别为(6.87±0.27),(7.25±0.26)mm],差异有显著性意义(t=2.87,P<0.05)。②用药后2周和4周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组大鼠关节炎指数高于模型组,用药后6周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组大鼠关节炎指数低于模型组,两组间差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③用药后2周模型组大鼠感兴趣区放射性计数比高于正常对照组(分别为2.05±0.20,1.46±0.15),差异有显著性意义(t=7.46,P<0.001)。用药后6周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组大鼠感兴趣区放射性计数比低于模型组(分别为1.52±0.18,1.78±0.24),差异有显著性意义(t=2.45,P<0.05)。④用药后4,6周模型组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素1β水平高于正常对照组,差异有显著性意义[用药后4周分别为(2.039±0.344),(1.115±0.192)μg/L;(0.305±0.034),(0.192±0.041)μg/L,t=7.42,6.71,P<0.001。用药后6周分别为(1.694±0.305),(1.126±0.256)μg/L;(0.259±0.027),(0.191±0.019)μg/L,t=4.03,5.83,P<0.01,0.001]。用药后4,6周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组在血清肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素1β水平与模型组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。⑤用药后4周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组和模型组滑膜组织增生和炎症细胞浸润均较明显;用药后6周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组与正常对照组比较仍有滑膜组织增生和炎症细胞浸润,与模型组比较滑膜组织增生程度明显减轻,而炎症细胞浸润程度稍轻。用药后6周胶体磷酸铬32P治疗组大鼠左踝关节的软骨组织未见有异常改变。结论:胶体磷酸铬32P关节腔注射可减轻完全弗氏佐剂免疫大鼠受注射关节的滑膜增生程度,改善关节肿胀症状,疗效肯定。     

Thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical setting, procoagulant profile and factor V Leiden

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased frequency of thromboembolism, and microvascular thrombosis has been proposed as a contributory pathogenic factor. The mechanism of enhanced procoagulant activity is not understood. We examined the clinical setting of thromboembolic events in 52 patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and assessed the procoagulant laboratory profile, including Factor V Leiden, in a subset of 20 patients to identify procoagulant risk factors. Patients who developed thrombosis tended to be young; 60% of thrombotic events occurred in patients under 50 years. Multiple thromboembolic episodes occurred in 13% and unusual sites of thrombosis (e.g. intracardiac, cerebral, inominate veins) in 11%. No risk factor was identifiable in 52% of cases and two-thirds of thromboses occurred in an out-patient setting. The mortality rate was 8%. Evidence for inflammatory disease activity was found in only 45% of patients with ulcerative colitis at the time of the thromboembolic event, in contrast to 89% of those with Crohn's disease. Assays for specific coagulation defects were negative in all cases tested (protein S, C were normal in 17/17; anti-thrombin III, anti-phospholipid antibodies and activated protein C resistance were negative in 20/20, and only 1/20 patients was found to be heterozygous for Factor V leiden. Thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease is important because it occurs in a young population, often in unusual sites, and has a high mortality. The development of thrombosis is related to active inflammatory disease in most patients with Crohn's disease but apparently not in those with ulcerative colitis. Since approximately half of the patients had no other identifiable risk factor, there remains a substantial group of patients with IBD who develop thrombosis for unknown reasons.      

Incorporating and evaluating an integrated gender-specific medicine curriculum: a survey study in Dutch GP training

Background  

We recently set standards for gender-specific medicine training as an integrated part of the GP training curriculum. This paper describes the programme and evaluation of this training.     

Hantavirus reservoir Oligoryzomys longicaudatus spatial distribution sensitivity to climate change scenarios in Argentine Patagonia

Background  

Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (colilargo) is the rodent responsible for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Argentine Patagonia. In past decades (1967–1998), trends of precipitation reduction and surface air temperature increase have been observed in western Patagonia. We explore how the potential distribution of the hantavirus reservoir would change under different climate change scenarios based on the observed trends.     

高效液相色谱法测定消痰咳片的含量

目的：采用反相色谱法同时测定消痰咳片中两种主要成分甲氧苄啶和磺胺体的含量。方法：以乙腈：0.1%H3PO4(15:85)为流动相，检测波长254nm，HPLC法测定含量。结果：试验表明，甲氧苄啶和磺胺林在0.8-8ug范围内呈良好的线性关系，回归方程分别为Y＝－1127.1＋110.2x(r=0.9994),Y=-1852.3 256.2x(r=0.9996),相对标准偏差分别为2.1%和0.8%。结论：该方法简便、准确、可靠。     

MHC5 The EuroQol in Parkinson''s Disease Research: Rated Current Health vs. Population-Derived Health State Preferences

The EuroQoL EQ-5D and MOS SF-36 are two generic quality of life measures that differ significantly in their design (the former being an index and the latter a profile). Both have been extensively used in evaluating interventions in acute disease. This study tested their comparative performance in a survey of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).
METHODS: 309 patients with diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS were identified through the records of 5 specialist centers in North West England. Patients were contacted by telephone by a specialist MS nurse and asked to complete a set of questionnaires distributed by mail. The questionnaire booklet reproduced the English version of SF-36, together with the EQ-5D and a self completion form of the Barthel. Minimal additional background information was obtained from all respondents; 4 weeks following their completion of the initial booklet, a second identical booklet was sent to the first 200 initial respondents. Patients in this re-test sub-group were asked whether their health status had improved, deteriorated, or remained unchanged over the intervening period.
RESULTS: Of the 200 patients in the test/re-test subgroup, 144 (72%) replied on both occasions. Paired t-tests for the PCS, MCS, and general health perception scores on the SF-36 failed to generate comprehensive evidence of reliability. The weighted index form of the EQ-5D and the visual analogue scale self-ratings provided superior evidence of reliability. Standardized response means for both measures confirmed this general pattern.
CONCLUSION: EQ-5D performs satisfactorily as a generic measure of health-related quality of life in patients with MS.     

Stimulus generalization of fear responses: effects of auditory cortex lesions in a computational model and in rats

The conditioning of fear responses to a simple acoustic stimulus (pure tone) paired with footshock can be mediated by the transmission of auditory information to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala from either the auditory thalamus or the auditory cortex. We examined the processing capacity of the thalamo-amygdala pathway by making lesions of the auditory cortex and testing the extent to which conditioned fear responses generalized to tones other than the one paired with footshock. Two studies were performed, one in an anatomically constrained computational model of the fear conditioning network and the other in rats. Stimulus generalization was unaffected in both. These findings support the validity of the model as an approach to studying the neural basis of conditioned fear learning, and in addition suggest that the thalamo-amygdala pathway, possibly by the use of population coding, is capable of performing at least crude stimulus discriminations.      

Apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review

There is increasing evidence to suggest that abnormalities in apoptosis may play a part in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For example, there is now considerable evidence that bel-2 expression is enhanced in a proportion of peripheral T cells, but not in B cells, in SLE patients and correlates with overall disease activity regardless of the activity index employed. Further work is required to establish whether enhanced bel-2 expression by some T cells in SLE patients is related to their activation or intrinsically enhanced by genetic predisposition. Mutations in Fas result in a lymphoproliferative syndrome and may play a role in accelerating autoimmune disease. A report of three children with mutations in Fas has once again focused attention on this regulator of apoptosis. The relationships between inducers and inhibitors of apoptosis may differ in different cell types, and must be elucidated before the implications of observations made in lymphocytes from SLE patients can be fully understood.