脂溶性红色素课题的薄层色谱法快速鉴别

目的:建立中药材(饮片)中非法添加5种脂溶性红色素(苏丹Ⅰ、苏丹Ⅱ、苏丹Ⅲ、苏丹Ⅳ、猩红808)的薄层色谱快速筛查的通用方法.方法:采用硅胶G预制薄层板,采用环己烷-乙酸乙酯(9:1)的展开后,再以石油醚(60~90℃)-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸(9:1:1)展开.结果:在该色谱条件下5种脂溶性红色素(苏丹Ⅰ、苏丹Ⅱ、苏丹Ⅲ、苏丹Ⅳ、猩红808)呈类紫红色斑点,有较好分离度,在中药材及饮片中的最低检出限分别为0.5,0.5,1.0,0.5,0.5,0.5μg.结论:本方法快速简便,经济灵敏,可用于中药材及饮片中非法添加脂溶性红色素的检验.     

多层螺旋CT多期扫描对肝门部胆管癌的诊断与术前评估

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌的螺旋CT表现,评价多层螺旋CT多期扫描的诊断价值及对手术可切除性的指导意义。方法 对26例经手术和病理证实的肝门部胆管癌的多层螺旋CT平扫及多期增强扫描资料,观察肿块的部位、大小、强化的特征和累及的范围,并与手术结果对照。结果 26例肝门部胆管癌均可见肝门肿块、肝内胆管扩张、肝门部胆管中断,动态增强扫描有12例表现为动脉期强化,15例门脉期强化,26例延时期强化。CI分型与手术分型对比,诊断准确度为76．9％（Kappa〉0．4）;可切除性评估的敏感度66．7％,特异度78、2％,诊断准确度76．9％。结论 多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描可清晰显示病灶的部位、强化特征和范围,对肝门部胆管癌的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值．有助于术前治疗方案的选择和可切除性的评估．     

中国汉族正常成人岛叶体积的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of the insula volume of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A ( age range = 18 to 30), B ( age range = 31 to 40 ), C ( age range = 41 to 50 ), D ( age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.After three dimension data reconstruction, the volumes of bilateral insula were manually measured.The volume of bilateral insula were compared by paired sample t test.The insula volumes were compared between male and female by independent sample t test, and the differences among 5 age groups were compared by one-way ANNOVA.The relationship between the volumes of insula and age,sex or cerebral volume were analyzed using bivariate correlation, respectively.Results The left snd right side volume of insula before standarized were (7764±1165) and (7387±1128) mm3 respectively, after standarized were (8413±1201 ) and (7871±1140) mm3 respectively.The left insula volume were significant larger than that of right(t = - 10.565, - 16.014,P <0.01 ).The left and fight volume of insula were (8146±1181 ) and (7735±1113) mm3 for male, and (7393±1022) mm3 and (7050±1038) mm3for female.The left and right insula volumes for male were larger than the female's(t = 10.934,9.945 ,P <0.01 ).The left and right insula volume of male after standarized were (8779±1230 ) and (8224±1081 )mm3, female were (8043±1054) and (7515±1091 ) mm3 ,the left and right insula volume of male were larger than the female's ( t = 4.858,4.632, P < 0.01 ).The left insula volumes among Group A, B, C, D,E before standarized were ( 8268±1221 ), ( 8067±1107 ), ( 7869±1109), ( 7603±1111 ), ( 6997±934 )mm3 respectively,the right were (8028±1156), (7636±1075), (7294±986), (7249±1068), (6717±916) mm3 respectively, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F= -0.361,-0.337,P <0.01 ).The left insula volume of A,B,C,D,E after standarized were ( 9093±1105 ), ( 8679±965 ), ( 8810±1136), ( 8202±980), ( 7273±940 )mm3, the right were ( 8694±1005), (8136±1100), (8034±910), (7496±990), (6989±932) mm3, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F = -0.490, -0.512,P < 0.01 ).There was significant negative correlation between the volume and age ( before standarizded:r = -0.361, -0.337, after standardized r = -0.490, -0.512, P<0.05).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and cerebral volume ( r = 0.470,0.459, P < 0.05 ).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and weight( r = 0.141, 0.092, P < 0.05 ).Conclusions 1.5 T MR scanner has high resolution, for distinguishing the white matter from the gray matter, and provide morphological data of insula for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.     

多层螺旋CT在支气管内膜结核诊断及治疗评价中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在支气管内膜结核诊断及治疗评价中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析32例经纤维支气管镜证实的支气管内膜结核的CT轴位图像表现,并对在工作站获取的薄层图像分别进行多平面重建(MPR),CT仿真内窥镜(CTVE),表面遮盖(SSD)3种方法后重建。结果共有49处气管受累,主支气管2例,右主支气管4例,左主支气管3例,右肺上叶支气管15例,左肺上叶支气管12例,右中叶支气管4例,右肺下叶支气管5例,左肺下叶支气管4例。CT表现为支气管阻塞12例,支气管腔狭窄18例,支气管壁增厚13例,支气管壁钙化6例,伴肺门及纵隔淋巴结钙化27例。结论多层螺旋CT多种重建方法的结合应用,可以明确显示病变的发生部位及支气管腔狭窄或阻塞,有利于支气管内膜结核的诊断及治疗评价。     

宁夏甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征分析

目的分析宁夏甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征,掌握其流行规律,为科学防控提供基本数据和依据。方法对全区各级各类医疗卫生机构上报的甲型H1N1流感确诊病例的流行病学相关资料进行分析。结果截至2010年4月16日,全区累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例1246例（发病率20.58/10万）,银川市甲型H1N1流感发病居全区五市之首。男女性别比为1.67：1;30岁以下病例占报告病例的87.08%,职业以学生为主,占65.33%;疫情从2009年第39周和第45周出现了两次发病高峰,此后全区疫情成持续下降趋势。累计报告甲型H1N1流感死亡病例9例,年龄中位数为30岁。全区共报告甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情20起,均发生在学校,小学的罹患率最高。结论宁夏出现疫情较迟,发展迅速,疫情形势和全国疫情趋势基本一致,报告病例主要集中在城区,以学生为主。在应对上应加强流感常规哨点监测,及时掌握病毒的流行病学和病毒学特征变化,做好学生等重点人群、学校等重点场所的防控工作。     

2004-2009年宁夏流行性腮腺炎的流行特征

目的分析近年来流行性腮腺炎流行特征,为防控流行性腮腺炎疫情的策略和措施提供科学依据。方法对国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统和突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统报告的流行性腮腺炎病例数据进行描述分析。结果 2004-2009年宁夏流行性腮腺炎报告发病率波动在35.45/10万-89.91/10万,2009年为最高年份,2006年石嘴山市报告发病率高达149.35/10万。该病多发于冬春季节,15岁以下儿童发病占报告病例总数的89.66%,2009年该年龄组报告发病率高达352.43/10万。流行性腮腺炎突发公共卫生事件均发生在学校,累计报告病例占报告病例总数的10.86%。结论宁夏流行性腮腺炎报告发病呈现上升趋势,局部地区发生暴发疫情;3-14岁的托幼儿童和中小学生是主要发病群体,仍然为2-5年一个流行高峰的自然流行规律。     

老年急性发热住院患者的病因分析

目的探讨老年急性发热住院患者的病因。方法回顾性分析2010年6月1日至2011年5月31日因急性发热人住我院接受治疗的800例老年患者的临床资料。结果感染性发热患者676例（84．50％），其中呼吸系统疾病385例（48．13％）、消化系统139例（17．38％）、卒中相关性感染61例（7．63％）、泌尿系统疾病50例（6．25％）。非感染性疾病占124例（15．50％），其它为常见肿瘤疾病57例（7．13％）、结缔组织病13例（1．63％），另有37例患者（4．63％）具体发热病因不清楚。结论感染性疾病是老年急性发热入院的主要病因，尤其以呼吸道肺部感染多见、并随着年龄的增加肺部感染的发病率进一步增加。老年人急性发热患者显示有自身的病因及特点。     

纵隔非肿瘤性病变的CT诊断

目的提高对纵隔非肿瘤性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断.方法回顾性分析6例经临床和手术证实的纵隔非肿瘤性病变的CT表现.结果前纵隔血肿表现为胸骨后软组织密度影,与周围结构界限清楚,心脏大血管受压后移;急性纵隔炎表现为前纵隔混杂密度影,增强后可见显著的边缘性强化;纵隔纤维化表现为纵隔大血管被软组织密度影包绕,其中可见不均匀性强化,并伴有明显的肺动脉高压征象.结论结合临床经过和CT表现,可以对纵隔感染、出血、和纤维化作出正确诊断.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者评估测试评分与肺功能及6min步行试验相关性分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者评估测试（COP Dassessment test,CAT）评分与肺功能和6min步行试验的相关性。方法应用CAT（中文版）对170例稳定期COPD患者生活质量进行评估,同时测定常规肺功能、支气管扩张试验、6min步行试验。根据CAT评分对患者生活质量进行分级,同时根据肺功能、支气管扩张试验、6min步行试验进行分级,对结果进行符合度及相关性分析。结果170例COPD患者CAT分值在各级分组中比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;CAT评分与COPD全球倡议（GOLD）分级、6min步行试验间呈正相关（r=0．339,P=0．000;r=0．334,P=0．000）,重度、极重度患者的符合度较高。结论cAT评分与肺功能、6min步行试验相关性低,适用于评价重度、极重度COPD患者。     

2011-2012年宁夏狂犬病流行特征分析

目的分析2011-2012年宁夏狂犬病流行特征。方法利用描述流行病学方法对狂犬病流行情况进行分析。结果 2011-2012年宁夏共报告5例狂犬病病例,均死亡。男女性别比为4∶1,年龄11~74岁。5月、8月和9月有病例报告,病例分布在5个县区。均有犬咬伤史,平均潜伏期为63d。结论宁夏地区狂犬病疫情防控需要做好大众宣传,加强居民自我防护意识,提高暴露后预防处置、免疫等工作。