The Contribution from Radio Quiet Quasars to γ-ray Background

The EGRET observations have confirmed and proposed the new isotropically distributed γ-ray background, but the known objects radiating γ-rays can not supply so much radiation. Meanwhile, EGRET also reveals a population of γ-ray sources with no radio counterparts which are isotropically distributed in the sky, indicating their possible cosmological origins. Wang et al.^[13] proposed a new γ-ray radiation process driven by the radiation feedback of AGNs. The energy of the radiation peaks around 1 GeV—0.1 TeV with the typical luminosity of 10⁴²—10⁴³ ergs · s^?1. This kind of radiation process in the radio quiet quasars make them the potential γ-ray radiation sources as well as the contributors to the γ-ray background. We consider two cases in which the seed photons in the inverse-Compton processes are from the accretion disks of quasars and cosmic microwave background (CMB), respectively. We find that the former contributes 78%—92% of the background radiation around 1 GeV, while the contribution from the latter is negligible. The radio quiet quasars are highly likely to become the objects which contribute the most energy to the γ-ray background around 1 GeV.     

The Influence of Merges with Various Mass Ratios on the Spins of Black Holes

The distribution of black hole spins in consideration of only the effect of merges is discussed. The angular momentum after merging is treated via the post-Newtonian approximation, and the effects of merges under different conditions are simulated by adopting the Monte Carlo method. The obtained results indicate that the major merge cannot make the distribution of black hole spins stable, but the minor merge can make the black hole spin smoothly slow down. The distribution of black hole spins can stay at a stable level with the overwhelming proportion of small spins, when the mass ratio of merging black holes takes the form of power-law function. In addition, based on the simulated results, the possible relationship between radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and black hole spins is also discussed. Finally, the distribution of radio loudness is calculated and presented.     

The vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over the central Arctic Ocean

The tropopause height and the atmospheric boundarylayer （PBL） height as well as the variation of inversion layer above the floating ice surface are presented using GPS （global position system ） radiosonde sounding data and relevant data obtained by Chinas fourth arctic scientific expedition team over the central Arctic Ocean （86°-88°N, 144°-170°W） during the summer of 2010. The tropopause height is from 9.8 to 10.5 km, with a temperature range between -52.2 and -54.10C in the central Arctic Ocean. Two zones of maximum wind （over 12 m/s） are found in the wind profile, namely, low- and upper-level jets, located in the middle troposphere and the tropopause, respectively. The wind direction has a marked variation point in the two jets from the southeast to the southwest. The average PBL height determined by two methods is 341 and 453 m respectively. These two methods can both be used when the inversion layer is very low, but the results vary significantly when the inversion layer is very high. A significant logarithmic relationship exists between the PBL height and the inversion intensity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.66, indicating that the more intense the temperature inversion is, the lower the boundary layer will be. The observation results obviously differ from those of the third arctic expedition zone （800-85° N）. The PBL height and the inversion layer thickness are much lower than those at 870-88° N, but the inversion temperature is more intense, meaning a strong ice- atmosphere interaction in the sea near the North Pole. The PBL structure is related to the weather system and the sea ice concentration, which affects the observation station.     

内蒙古雅布赖盆地红柳沟中侏罗统沉积相及沉积环境研究

野外考察发现,雅布赖盆地红柳沟发育一套较完整的中侏罗统扇三角洲沉积地层。其中沉积亚相有扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘及前扇三角洲亚相;沉积微相包括辫状河道、天然堤、决口、沼泽、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相。从沉积构造特征分析可以看出,河道沉积发育于水动力条件较强的沉积环境,扇三角洲前缘河口坝沉积发育于强与弱水动力条件交替出现的沉积环境,而前扇三角洲则在比较稳定的水动力条件下沉积。对野外6个泥岩样品的微量元素化验结果用蜘蛛图解分析处理,得到样品所含微量元素V、Sr、Rb、B相对富集,而Zr、Cr、Ni相对亏损。通过对该地区样品w（Fe^2＋）/w（Fe^3＋）及气候指数计算表明,当时为弱氧化、半干旱的沉积环境。     

扬子地台东南缘黑色岩系(荷塘组)地球化学研究

扬子地台东南缘下寒武统荷塘组地层代表性剖面,主要由碳质硅度泥岩及硅质岩类石煤层组成,黑色岩系则分布于底部,岩石为层状,岩性为磷块岩或含磷结核硅质岩,其稀土元素在含钼钒高碳泥岩中富集,稀土总量达233.43×10-6~258.95×10-6,其他岩层的稀土元素总量在89.15×10-6~144.70×10-6之间;相对富轻稀土,轻重稀土、轻稀土分馏作用明显,重稀土分馏作用不明显;铕、铈负异常(δEu值0.55~0.71,δCe值0.46~0.88,(La/Yb)N平均值4.65~10.89;(La/Sm)N平均值9.55~18.44,(Gd/Lu)N平均值0.91~1.67)。沉积的构造环境为被动的大陆边缘,沉积环境为干燥气候的还原环境,不同的古地理条件或海平面的升降,造成了稀土元素特征的差异。     

大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场

位于中上扬子板块北缘的大巴山造山带, 平面上表现为大尺度向南西显著突出的弧形带, 无论在变形样式和形成时间上都明显与秦岭造山带不同。在大巴山构造格架划分和野外构造变形观测基础上, 通过构造解析, 结合年代学研究成果, 重建了大巴山晚中生代独特的构造应力场, 指出大巴山属陆内造山, 形成于J2末, 并持续到K2初期。其构造应力场特征, 以城口－房县断裂为界, 大巴山逆冲推覆带与其前陆冲断褶皱带的特征显著不同。大巴山逆冲推覆带主要表现为NE-SW向构造挤压, 而在大巴山弧形前陆带从西向东, 由近E-W向挤压, 转变为NE-SW向挤压, 最后转变为近S-N向挤压, 构成一向其外缘扩散的放射状构造应力场。总之, 大巴山造山带由推覆体向前陆, 构造挤压作用由北东向南西方向扩散。这期构造挤压作用控制了大巴山造山带陆内变形活动, 导致大巴山由北东向南西的显著缩短, 同时受到其东西两侧基底隆起——神农架－黄陵地块与汉南地块的强烈阻挡, 造就了现今的大巴山前陆弧型构造。其动力学背景可归因于晚中生代东亚板块多向汇聚。大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场的研究, 对探讨秦岭造山带动力学特征具有科学意义, 为研究川东北油气运聚规律提供了构造地质学依据。     

高密度电阻率成像法在水文地质领域中的应用

高密度电阻率成像法(ERT)作为一种高效、准确的地球物理探测手段,在水文地质领域得到了广泛的应用。本文通过文献追踪和分析,重点讨论了电阻率与含水率、渗透系数、含盐量等水文地质表征参数之间的相关性,并就该方法在地下水资源勘查、溶质运移动态监测以及水文地质参数反演等方面的应用进行了剖析,阐述了ERT探测过程中的主要影响因素及各因素之间的相互关系。最后,针对ERT方法在应用过程中存在的问题提出相应的改进建议。     

皖南某高速公路强风化千枚质板岩边坡变形特征及稳定性分析

以皖南地区某强烈变形的强风化千枚质板岩边坡为例,通过对其工程地质条件的调查,结合边坡岩体结构类型和结构面组合特征,对其变形破坏特征及稳定性进行了分析和评价。研究结果表明,边坡的变形受坡内软弱岩体(挤压破碎带)控制,剪应力的集中易使坡体产生圆弧形滑动,据此定量评价边坡的稳定性,提出合理的支护方案,减小地质灾害发生的可能。     

辽宁丹东四道沟金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

四道沟金矿床为辽东南地区重要的蚀变岩型矿床,其空间产出受断裂构造、盖县组变质地层及区内岩浆活动的联合制约.流体包裹体研究表明:成矿早期流体为中温、低盐度且富含CO2及CH4等挥发分的热液;主成矿阶段成矿流体为中温、高盐度的热液体系;矿区晚期阶段矿化流体具有较低的温度及盐度特征.综合分析认为:四道沟金矿床早期成矿流体与区内燕山晚期三股流花岗闪长岩体活动有关;主成矿阶段流体可能来自其后的花岗斑岩等类脉岩活动;成矿晚期阶段流体则主要来自大气降水.四道沟金矿床是燕山晚期不同来源及性质的热液先后叠加成矿作用的产物.     

苏北地区老井复查测井综合评价技术及方法研究

随着苏北小油田勘探开发程度的提高,非常规储层日益成为重点勘探开发的对象。苏北地区老井测井资料复查,立足现有的常规测井资料,结合测试等资料,通过扎实的基础工作和测井评价技术和分析方法的进步和提高,重点在干、密、水、无中全方位找油,并对以往相对忽视和评价认识手段方法相对不足的低孔渗储层、特殊含灰低孔渗储层与低阻油层作为重点研究分析对象,对测井资料进行全面复查评价,取得了良好的油气成果。