THE TEST OF APPLYING RADAR TREC WIND IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION

1 INTRODUCTIONThat the radar data are reasonably ingested into theassimilation analysis system to improve the analysisquality and prediction precision is one of the problemsmeteorologists currently try to resolve. Many scholarshave already obtained some r…     

INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS IN ASIA TO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION IN BOREAL SUMMER: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS FOR ACTIVE AND INACTIVE YEARS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

Comparative analysis is carried out by using finite-domain power spectrum and lagged regression methods for the propagating characteristics and air-sea interaction processes of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the Asia to western Pacific (AWP) region during the boreal summer between the active and inactive tropical cyclone (TC) years from 1979 to 2004.The results show as follows.(1) There exist more significant eastward propagating characteristics of the ISO in the active TC years over the whole AWP region.The ISOs of convection propagate zonally with more eastward extension in the years with active tropical cyclone activities,during which the 20-60-day period is strengthened,western Pacific becomes an area with evident characteristics of the propagation that is closely related to TC activities.(2) The air-sea interaction processes are the same in both active and inactive TC years,and the energy exchanges between the air and the sea play a role in maintaining the northwestward propagation of ISOs.(3) The air-sea interaction is more intensive in the active TC years than in the inactive ones.It is particularly true for the latent heat release by condensation as the result of convection,which may be one of the reasons resulting in significant differences in characteristics of ISOs between the active and inactive TC years.     

Assimilation of Polarimetric Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar

This study explores the potential for directly assimilating polarimetric radar data (including reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve analysis and forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar (2018). Ewiniar weakened but brought about heavy rainfall over Guangdong, China after its final landfall. Two experiments are performed, one assimilating only Z and the other assimilating both Z and ZDR. Assimilation of ZDR together with Z effectively modifies hydrometeor fields, and improves the intensity, shape and position of rainbands. Forecast of 24-hour extraordinary rainfall ≥250 mm is significantly improved. Improvement can also be seen in the wind fields because of cross-variable covariance. The current study shows the possibility of applying polarimetric radar data to improve forecasting of tropical cyclones, which deserves more researches in the future.     

THE STATISTIC RELATION BETWEEN LIGHTNING AND CINRAD DOPPLER RADAR ECHOES IN CENTRAL GUANGDONG

Based on the CINRAD Doppler radar data in Guangzhou and the lightning data in 2004 by power suppliers of Guangdong, statistical study is done by overlaying lightning’s position on radar’s echo. The result shows the followings. The concentrated period in which more negative lightning occurred at the middle levels (2 – 14 km), where radar echo was moderate (12 – 45 dBz), rather than at the low levels with the weakest echoes or at high levels with the strongest echoes. At levels 3 – 11 km, where the radar echo was between 10 dBz and 35 dBz, the area of negative lightning was much larger in central Guangdong than in the rest of the province. At levels 0.5 – 7 km where the radar echoes were between 44 dBz and 51 dBz, the probability for a point to have negative lightning varies from 0.4 to 0.7.     

双线偏振雷达资料在数值模式中的应用: 模拟器的构建

基于Rayleigh-Gans散射原理构造一个S波段双线偏振雷达模拟器。模拟器考虑了云冰、雪、雨和雹4种水凝物,以水凝物的混合比和数浓度以及水凝物粒子的轴比、相对介电常数、下落倾角为输入量,计算得到水平/垂直偏振反射率因子、差分反射率、比差分相位等偏振量。通过二维理想飑线模拟的试验结果表明,模拟器合理地再现了二维理想飑线系统成熟期的主要偏振特征:雹的反射率较高,差分反射率较低(又称Zdr洞);对流云区的Zdr柱;层云区的反射率和比差分相位的0℃层亮带特征;雨滴反射率与差分反射率因子的“雨线”统计特征。利用该模拟器建立了模式变量和偏振雷达观测的联系,有助于未来将偏振雷达观测资料应用于模式预报效果评估及对流尺度资料同化等方面的研究和应用。      

雷达反演潜热在华南区域数值模式汛期短时临近降水预报的应用试验

为了评估潜热对短临降水预报的影响,基于雷达反演潜热的基础上,以2014年3月30日的强降水个例和2013年5月的31天为样本,进行了初值有无引入潜热释放引起位温增量的批量试验。(1)强降水个例模拟试验发现,初值引进潜热后预报的12 h累积降水中心与实况一致,预报的前4 h雷达反射率从范围、强度上更接近观测的反射率,逐小时TS比无潜热试验要高。(2)诊断分析表明模式初值引进潜热后,调整降水区域上空大气的温度结构,订正或加强次级环流,触发对流不稳定能量释放,利于成云致雨。(3)批量对比试验反映初值潜热对前12 h逐时降水预报一直保持正影响。      

珠江三角洲降水数值预报的初步试验

以广州区域气象中心的实时资料库和大气所的细网格降水数值预报模式为基础,在VAX6220机上建立了珠江三角洲中尺度准业务降水数值预报系统,并从1990年5月20日至6月10日进行了连续22天的试验,对结果的分析表明,系统能稳定及时地提供12小时和24小时的预报产品,对短期降水预报具有一定参考价值。      

热带气旋外围环流中次天气尺度系统及其与天气尺度系统相互作用的诊断分析

本文应用带通滤波的方法,分离出热带气旋外围环流中的天气尺度和次天气尺度系统。发现热带气旋外围强降水与低层次天气尺度系统的辐合关系相当密切。文中还计算了两种尺度系统间的动能和涡度转换。得出:在650hPa以上基本上是天气尺度系统向次天气尺度系统提供动能,在650hPa以下基本上是次天气尺度系统向天气尺度系统提供动能,整层积分的结果是天气尺度系统向次天气尺度系统提供动能。在900hPa和400hPa之间的涡度转换为次天气尺度系统向天气尺度系统转换,即涡度转换的结果是使得次天气尺度系统气旋性减弱,天气尺度系统气旋性增强。900hPa以下和400hPa以上则相反。整层积分的结果是次天气尺度系统向天气尺度系统提供正涡度。      

雅安市降水“精细化”预报的动力学基础

雅安市位于四川盆地西缘、青藏高原东麓．兼有“迎风坡”和“喇叭口”的地形特点，降水特多．有“天漏”之称．因此，降水预报在当地显得尤为重要。随着社会的需求．降水预报朝“精细化”发展，是必然的趋势。本文基于“雅安天漏”研究等方面的结果，给出了考虑了系统性降水、热力降水和地形雨的降雨量计算公式。并利用该公式做了“精细化”降水预报方面的尝试。     

六盘水近45年日照变化的统计分析

本文利用1960—2004年六盘水市各站的逐月日照时数资料，分析了近45年来六盘水的日照变化特征，发现区城平均年日照时数在减少，这种减少主要表现在春、夏两季。