塔里木盆地原油的轻烃分类及成因研究

通过对塔里木盆地不同地区不同层位205个原油样品的色谱分析研究,应用其轻烃的组分作关系图,将塔里木盆地原油划分为海相油(A)、湖相油(B)和煤成油(C)三大类。海相烃源岩中过渡金属及其配位体结构有利于五环优势,导致其生成的海相原油(A)具五环优势;陆相烃源岩中过渡金属及其配位体结构有利于三环优势和六环优势,导致其生成的陆相原油(B,C)具三环优势和六环优势。应用正庚烷值与异庚烷值作关系图,将塔里木盆地原油划分为海相油(A)、陆相油(B+C)两大类。海相油(A)沿脂肪族干酪根曲线分布,陆相油(B+C)大多沿芳香族干酪根曲线分布。对于同类烃源岩,随着埋深和压力不断增加,烃源岩中干酪根自由体积将不断减小,对六环优势抑制最大,对五环优势抑制较大,对三环优势抑制较小,对直接裂解抑制最小,导致其生成的原油中正庚值和异庚烷值随埋深增加而增加。     

水阳江洪峰与强降水

用1964－1999年水阳江水位和雨量资料，分析水阳江水位、面雨量变化规律和洪峰出现特征。结果表明，6月平均面雨量为241.5mm，7、8月平均面雨量分别为186.5mm、155.7mm。宣城出现13次超警戒水位过程；新河庄出现25次超警戒水位过程，且连续超警戒水位日数长。洪峰出现前一周为连阴雨天气，一周平均面雨量为164.5mm。季内日面雨量存在60天周期变化现象，新河庄日平均水位存在60－120天周期变化；1999年宣城日平均水位的小波分析结果为60天周期变化，与新河庄日平均水位功率谱分析结果一致。     

三峡地区气候Z-R关系

在三峡地区降水条件气候均匀区域划分的基础上,用Ａｔｌａｓ一阶矩概率匹配法,分别在每一个区域建立了对流型、雷雨混合型、阵雨混合型３种雨型随测距变化的气候Ｚ－Ｒ关系。这些关系能综合订正由波束平均作用、雨区对电磁波的衰减等因素所造成的雷达测量降水的误差     

气流中跃移颗粒的受力分析

气流中颗粒跃移过程中受力分析及其运动机理的研究在发展风沙物理学理论方面具有重要的意义,长期以来,受实验条件和实验手段的限制,关于此方面的认识还不统一,采用高速频闪摄影技术,在计算跃移颗粒各运动参数的基础上,反推出跃移颗粒的阻力系数和升力系数,并将颗粒所受的阻力,升力和重力进行了比较,结果表明,阻力最重要,重力次之,升力也不可忽略,它占重力的２０％以上,利用数值计算方法,得出了颗粒的跃移运动轨迹,与     

“21·7”河南特大暴雨气象和水文雨量观测对比

2021年“21·7”河南特大暴雨打破我国大陆小时气象观测纪录,该极端天气事件位列2021年中国十大天气气候事件第2位。已有研究使用气象地面站雨量观测资料对此次过程进行雨情分析和极值统计,但降水时空分布不均匀,单一来源资料存在不确定性。通过对比气象站和水文站雨量资料,分析两套业务观测系统记录“21·7”河南特大暴雨过程的异同,发现气象站和水文站雨量在时间和空间分布上具有很好的一致性,两者不同等级的累积降雨落区、逐日和逐时降雨演变趋势均一致性强,但累积雨量和雨强极值的空间分布和数值存在差异,两套资料在暴雨中心（过程雨量大于600 mm）的系统性偏差小于1%。气象站和水文站的融合资料呈现比单一资料更细致的降雨分布、更全面的演变特征。此外,基于融合资料发现累积雨量排名前3位的城市（郑州、鹤壁、新乡）均具有累积雨量大、小时雨强极强、强降雨集中、雨强突然增长的特征,鹤壁和新乡最强降雨时段分别比郑州晚26 h和28 h。     

工资帐务处理模块的设计

通过对工资明细汇总表中各项目归类,完成工资各“目”“节”科目帐务处理,实现工资记帐明细表和工资记帐凭单的查询和打印等功能。     

Seaweed cultivation: A new applied field for biotechnology

Seaweeds cultivation has resulted in great achievements, although it has a history of only a few decades. With higher productivity and resulting higher profit, it has become the leading marine exploitation industry with the brightest prospects. The relatively limited species introduced for commercial cultivation showed great biological diversity. Introduction of selected good strains for traditional cultivation and the transformation from cultivation of mixed strains to that of pure cell lines are two certain tendencies in the future. Pure line cultivation of seaweeds in a sort of advanced biotechnology. It provides new opportunities for not only the industry itself, but also the stable market of high quality natural marine products. More work should be done on principles and methods to obtain optimal results from the combination of pure line cultivation techniques with advanced biochemistry. The programmed batch production of fine chemicals such as polysaccharides and proteins will probably become the social demand.

     

机场多普勒天气雷达双机备份技术及可靠性分析

为了提高天气雷达不间断运行的效率,满足保障航空飞行安全的需要,采用目前国际上最新且成熟的雷达技术、计算机技术和网络通讯技术,实现天气雷达主体部分双机互为冗余备份,使天气雷达系统达到的任务可靠性指标≥10000小时,较目前的机场多普勒天气雷达可靠性指标提高8倍以上,从而大大提高机场天气雷达的保障能力。     

A 150-year isotopic record of lead deposition in Yancheng coastal wetland,China

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead(Pb) deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using ~(210)Pb and ~(137)Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported ~(210)Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and ~(210)Pb chronologies were established(covering 150 years) using the constant rate of supply(CRS) model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17–22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/(m~2·yr) to 172.70 mg/(m~2·yr) with averages of 95.59–123.41 mg/(m~2·yr). Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the instability of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.     

一种顾及GNSS系统间偏差的伪距单点定位方法

对系统间偏差的成分和影响因素进行分析,发现各项改正后残余误差对系统间偏差估值的影响可归结为与卫星编号和广播星历更新相关。提出一种新的顾及参与解算卫星构成的系统间偏差估计方案,新方案能够在仅有4颗多模GNSS卫星可见时提供可靠的位置服务。