河流深槽沉积体与油气的关系——以辽河坳陷大25井区为例

河流深槽沉积体是河流沉积的一种特殊沉积体。辽河坳陷第三纪断裂活动强烈，火山岩广泛分布，形成了独特的地貌条件，具备形成河流深槽沉积体的地质条件。本文以辽河坳陷东部凹陷大２５井区为例，对河流深槽沉积体的成因及特征进行探讨，证实了大２５井区巨厚砂砾岩沉积是河流在火山岩古地形的限制下发生急转弯，在其变曲河段的深槽中沉积的深槽沉积体。该沉积体中发育良好的储集空间，有利于油气储集。该类储集体的发现，丰富了辽河坳陷的储层类型，为油气勘探提供了新的领域。     

Mango轻烃参数在塔里木原油分类中的应用

根据Ｍａｎｇｏ稳态催化动力学轻烃成因模式所得到的参数可作为塔里木盆地原油分类的有效指标。不同成因原油之间Ｋ２［Ｐ３／（Ｐ２＋Ｎ２）］值有明显的变化,在海相油中其平均值（０．２０～０．２３）较低,陆相油中（０．２９～０．３６）较高,表明该参数与源岩的有机质类型及沉积环境性质有关。Ｎ１６／Ｎ１５和（Ｎ１６＋Ｎ１５）／（Ｐ２＋Ｐ３＋Ｎ２）等不同结构类型轻烃化合物的比值能区分海、陆原油。不同成因原油的Ｃ７轻烃组成反映出不同的碳环优势（ＲＰ）,海相原油轻烃富含二甲基环戊烷（５ＲＰ）,而陆相原油以甲基环已烷占优势（６ＲＰ）。     

Iron isotopic analyses of geological reference materials on MC-ICP-MS with instrumental mass bias corrected by three independent methods

Here we report iron (Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards (IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST 3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials (RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing (SSB), Ni doping?+?SSB, and ⁵⁷Fe–⁵⁸Fe double spike?+?SSB. Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ⁵⁶Fe within?±?0.05 of recommended values, provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported (δ⁵⁶Fe?=?0.363?±?0.006, 2SE, 95% CI; and δ⁵⁷Fe?=?0.534?±?0.010, 2SE).     

富氟花岗岩中萤石岩浆成因的新证据

通过富氟花岗岩-HF-H2O体系的熔化-结晶实验,在620～700℃、1×108Pa条件下获得了石英+碱性长石+黄玉+云母+萤石的矿物组合.在该实验体系中首次发现了八面体萤石.实验结果表明,在岩浆条件下可以形成萤石,从而为富氟花岗岩中萤石的岩浆成因提供了新证据.     

塔里木盆地原油的轻烃分类及成因研究

通过对塔里木盆地不同地区不同层位205个原油样品的色谱分析研究,应用其轻烃的组分作关系图,将塔里木盆地原油划分为海相油(A)、湖相油(B)和煤成油(C)三大类。海相烃源岩中过渡金属及其配位体结构有利于五环优势,导致其生成的海相原油(A)具五环优势;陆相烃源岩中过渡金属及其配位体结构有利于三环优势和六环优势,导致其生成的陆相原油(B,C)具三环优势和六环优势。应用正庚烷值与异庚烷值作关系图,将塔里木盆地原油划分为海相油(A)、陆相油(B+C)两大类。海相油(A)沿脂肪族干酪根曲线分布,陆相油(B+C)大多沿芳香族干酪根曲线分布。对于同类烃源岩,随着埋深和压力不断增加,烃源岩中干酪根自由体积将不断减小,对六环优势抑制最大,对五环优势抑制较大,对三环优势抑制较小,对直接裂解抑制最小,导致其生成的原油中正庚值和异庚烷值随埋深增加而增加。     

春播期亚欧环流形势的客观分型及其在物理-统计预报中的应用

本文对1972—1978年七年春播期(3月27日—5月10日)500mb亚欧环流形势,应用变K-均值聚类法进行客观分型,共得九型。对它们和春播期四种主要中期天气过程——连阴雨和低温连阴雨、过程性天气、连晴,用对应分析方法数量化。以环流形势与同期的北半球500mb波谱分析中选出的物理量作为因子,对天气过程类型作出了逐步回归和AID聚类的统计推断。 对1979、80年春播期作了预报检验,效果尚好。     

Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China

Climatic time series from historical documents and instrumental records from China showed temporal and regional patterns in the last two to three centuries, including two multidecadal oscillations at quasi-20-year and quasi-70-year timescales revealed by signal analysis from wavelet transform. Climatic anomalous events on the decadal timescale were identified based on the two oscillations when their positive (or negative) phases coincide with each other to amplify amplitude. The coldest event occurred in the decade of 1965–1975 in eastern China, while the periods of 1920–1930, 1940–1950, and 1988–2000 appeared to be warmer in most parts of China. For the precipitation series in northern China, the dry anomalous event was found in the late 1920s, while the wet anomalous event occurred in the 1950s. A severe drought in 1927–1929 in northern China coincided with the anomalous warm and dry decade, caused large-scale famine in nine provinces over northern China. Climatic anomalous events with a warm-dry or cold-wet association in the physical climate system would potentially cause severe negative impacts on natural ecosystem in the key vulnerable region over northern China. The spatial pattern of summer rainfall anomalies in the eastern China monsoon region showed an opposite variations in phase between the Yellow River Valley (North China) and the mid-low Yangtze River Valley as well as accompanied the shift of the northernmost monsoon boundary. Climatic regime shifts for different time points in the last 200 years were identified. In North China, transitions from dry to wet periods occurred around 1800, 1875, and 1940 while the transitions from wet to dry periods appeared around 1840, 1910, and the late 1970s. The reversal transition in these time points can also be found in the lower Yangtze River. Climatic regime shifts in China were linked to the interaction of mid- and low latitude atmospheric circulations (the westerly flow and the monsoon flow) when they cross the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia.     

呼和浩特市降水化学特征分析

对2006年呼和浩特市降水离子监测资料进行分析,结果表明:降水呈碱性,季节分布明显,夏季降水集中且pH值为全年最低,冬季降水量少,pH值较高;SO42-离子为主要致酸离子,阳离子中Ca2+,Mg2+离子的浓度很高;降水中主要成分之间相关性显著,Ca2+的中和作用较强;降水气团的后向轨迹分析表明蒙古国的沙漠地区是呼和浩特冬春季碱性降水的主要来源,夏季较低的pH值降水则部分源于我国的华中、华北地区的酸性污染物中长距离输送。     

T213 降水预报订正系统的建立与研究

目前T213降水预报存在一定程度上的系统性误差,为了更好地使用T213降水预报产品,减小系统性误差对主观预报的影响,利用一种统计学方法可以对T213降水预报进行订正,减小T213降水预报的系统性误差。通过对2004年6—11月订正前后的T213降水预报进行统计学和天气学检验分析,检验该订正系统的订正效果。结果表明,订正后的降水预报的预报偏差B值有了显著改善,其他统计检验量也有了不同程度的提高;订正后雨带的位置和轮廓更加接近降水实况。