延迟破胶及强制裂缝闭合技术的研究及应用

采用延迟破胶技术,在压裂施工过程中加入不同浓度的胶囊破胶剂,利用它的延缓释放特性,使植物胶压裂液耐温、耐剪切稳定性增强,并且可以在不造成压裂液的流变性、滤失性和携砂性等过早丧失的前提下高浓度使用胶囊破胶剂。该技术与常规破胶技术相比,延缓释放率达50%,能更有效地清除液体残渣,减少压裂液对储层的伤害。同时由于有延缓破胶的特性,放喷采用相应的措施,可以降低支撑剂沉降速度,形成较好的沉砂剖面,提供高的裂缝导流能力,并且可以降低滤饼和压裂液残渣的伤害。     

黑河中游灌区可持续发展水价研究

在对黑河中游灌区现状水价状况分析的基础上,提出了可持续发展水价的内涵,建立了不同经济发展水平的水价模型并进行了测算。结果表明:保持灌区水管单位可持续发展的水价标准为0.12元/m3;考虑节约奖励、浪费惩罚的水价机制,具体价格可随着用水户的浪费和节约程度在供水成本水价上、下浮动;考虑黑河下游生态损失补偿,促进整个流域可持续发展的水价水平为0.21元/m3。     

Time Characterization of High Density Gas Jet from a Pulsed Supersonic Nozzle via Laser Produced Plasma

A high-density gas jet supersonic nozzle is reported in this paper. The jitter and actuation time of the nozzle is determined by the pin discharge and laser spark radiation respectively. The jitter time of the nozzle is within 10μs with the backing pressure as high as 25 bar. With a nanosecond laser pulse focused on the gas jet about 1 mm below the nozzle, the actuation time is calculated to be about 15 ms by detecting the laser produced spark radiation, which reveals the existence of the gas jet and the relative gas density evolving with time. Consequently the gas density is estimated to be well above 10^19 cm^-3, compared with theoretical simulations from the nozzle parameters.     

电气传动系统常见故障的判断及应对措施

本文分析了电气传动系统经常出现故障的原因以及可采取的措施。     

两种压力容器整体消除应力退火热处理方法

消除应力退火热处理 (以下简称消应退火 )在热处理种类中是比较容易操作和达到目的的。消应退火基本的要求就是被热处理工件各处温度均匀达到工艺要求温度。容器整体消应退火的各种方法都应以使被热处理容器各处温差尽量达到最小值为基本条件 ,而且不超过工艺规定的最大温差值。容器整体消应退火主要有电热片电加热法、燃油燃烧加热法等方法。以下将结合容器整体消应退火实例逐一对两种方法的操作过程及注意事项、优缺点进行探讨。1 电热片电加热法对于助剂厂的尾气急冷塔及尾气吸收塔 ,采用了电热片加热法进行消应退火。将电热片放入容器内…     

在Windows2000下实现收发传真功能——发挥“小猫”余热

随着宽带网络普及，许多人已经将小“猫”（MODEM）束之高阁，但小猫并不毛病，弃之可惜，何不利用Windows 2000的MODEM传真功能，将电脑的功能进一步扩展。     

Study on Luminescence Properties of High-Density Phosphors BiTaO4：Pr^3＋ and BiTaO4

The photoluminescence properties of BiTaO4:Pr^3 and BiTaO4 at room temperature were studied, and the infrared transmission and diffusion reflection spectra of BiTaO4 were measured. The photoluminescence spectrum of BiTaO4 peaks at about 420, 440 and 465nm. There has an obvious excitation band from 330 to 370nm. The photoluminescence spectrum of BiTaO4:Pr^3 consists of the characteristic emission of Pr^3 , and its main peak is at 606 nm from ^3P0→^3H6 transition of Pr^3 . Its excitation spectrum consists of the wide band with maximum at 325nm, the wide band in the range of 375-430nm, and the characteristic excitation of Pr^3 .The bands at 325nm and 375-430nm may be from the absorption of the charge transfer transition of the tantalate group and defect energy levels in its forbidden band, respectively.There is energy transfer from host to Pr^3 . Because both the host density and photoluminescence peak intensity of BiTaO4:Pr^3 are superior to PbWO4, BiTaO4:Pr^3 may be a potential heavy scintillator.     

未来中国企业面监五大营销桃战

法律关 法律关的守将是“意识淡薄”。一些中国企业去海外发展时，竞争对手往往在你完成大笔的市场投入还没有获得销售利润时，突然发起专利诉讼，逼迫中国企业接受专利费要求。由于中国企业对其法律环境缺乏研究，往往不知如何应对。对此，有备无患是中国企业斩掉“意识淡薄”闯过法律关的必杀计。在跨出国门前，应聘请当地律师进行相关咨询，避免贸然行动，造成损失。[第一段]