金属卤化物钙钛矿光电材料和器件

2009年ABX₃钙钛矿晶型的甲胺铅卤CH₃NH₃PbX₃(X=I、Br、Cl)钙钛矿材料首次应用于太阳能电池,但初始报道效率低、稳定性差。2012年后,可溶液法制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池凭借其吸光系数高、激子结合能低等优点,迅速表现出低成本和高效率的突出优势,并在光电器件等交叉领域具有很强的应用潜力。因此,钙钛矿太阳能电池被Science杂志评为2013年度国际十大科技进展,是化学和材料领域特别是光伏领域新兴的变革性技术之一。钙钛矿太阳能电池材料与器件的发展一直面临大面积、高效率、稳定性和环境友好性等挑战,对应的是钙钛矿晶体可控生长、缺陷钝化、器件优化材料稳定性和铅毒性等科学问题。     

Simultaneous determination of 20 bioactive components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma from different production origins in Sichuan province by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis

Chuanxiong Rhizoma is a commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is widely distributed in Sichuan province, China, including the cities of Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Meishan, Qionglai, and Shifang. However, reports on the comparisons of quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma of different production origins are limited. Therefore, an ultra-HPLC with triple quadrupole MS method was developed for the determination of 20 bioactive components (12 aromatic acids and eight phthalides) in 36 samples from different production origins and further assessed its quality. The contents of these 20 constituents of samples were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis; the result indicated that Chuanxiong Rhizoma of different production origins had some differences. Thirteen constituents of quality difference markers were acquired by variable importance for the project. Furthermore, the sum of the contents of these quality difference markers was different from various production origins of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Meanwhile, Z-ligustilide and senkyunolide A as main constituents of quality difference markers, the rate of various production origins of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was different. This study provides a foundation for the quality assessment of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.     

Steric Mixed-Cation 2D Perovskite as a Methylammonium Locker to Stabilize MAPbI3

The reduced dimension perovskite including 2D perovskites are one of the most promising strategies to stabilize lead halide perovskite. A mixed-cation 2D perovskite based on a steric phenyltrimethylammonium (PTA) cation is presented. The PTA-MA mixed-cation 2D perovskite of PTAMAPbI₄ can be formed on the surface of MAPbI₃ (PTAI-MAPbI₃) by controllable PTAI intercalation by either spin coating or soaking. The PTAMAPbI₄ capping layer can not only passivate PTAI-MAPbI₃ perovskite but also act as MA⁺ locker to inhibit MAI extraction and significantly enhance the stability. The highly stable PTAI-MAPbI₃ based perovskite solar cells exhibit a reproducible photovoltaic performance with a champion PCE of 21.16 %. Such unencapsulated devices retain 93 % of initial efficiency after 500 h continuous illumination. This steric mixed-cation 2D perovskite as MA⁺ locker to stabilize the MAPbI₃ is a promising strategy to design stable and high-performance hybrid lead halide perovskites.     

石墨相氮化碳材料在样品前处理中的研究进展

作为一种新型非金属材料,石墨相氮化碳以其独特的优点,如简单的制备方法、优良的化学及热稳定性、良好的生物兼容性和无毒性等,受到越来越多的关注。石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料目前已被广泛应用于电催化、光催化、生物成像等领域。由于具有大的比表面积,同时又是富电子的疏水材料,石墨相氮化碳相关材料被认为是一种理想的样品前处理吸附剂。该文探讨了近年来石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料作为固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、固相微萃取吸附剂在样品前处理中的应用,并对未来的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究提供帮助。     

Steric Mixed‐Cation 2D Perovskite as a Methylammonium Locker to Stabilize MAPbI3

The reduced dimension perovskite including 2D perovskites are one of the most promising strategies to stabilize lead halide perovskite. A mixed‐cation 2D perovskite based on a steric phenyltrimethylammonium (PTA) cation is presented. The PTA‐MA mixed‐cation 2D perovskite of PTAMAPbI₄ can be formed on the surface of MAPbI₃ (PTAI‐MAPbI₃) by controllable PTAI intercalation by either spin coating or soaking. The PTAMAPbI₄ capping layer can not only passivate PTAI‐MAPbI₃ perovskite but also act as MA⁺ locker to inhibit MAI extraction and significantly enhance the stability. The highly stable PTAI‐MAPbI₃ based perovskite solar cells exhibit a reproducible photovoltaic performance with a champion PCE of 21.16 %. Such unencapsulated devices retain 93 % of initial efficiency after 500 h continuous illumination. This steric mixed‐cation 2D perovskite as MA⁺ locker to stabilize the MAPbI₃ is a promising strategy to design stable and high‐performance hybrid lead halide perovskites.     

Enantioselective Dearomatization of Indoles by an Azoalkene‐Enabled (3+2) Reaction: Access to Pyrroloindolines

The enantioselective dearomatization of indoles by an organocatalytic (3+2) reaction has been established. The reaction makes use of simple indole derivatives as substrates, and employs azoalkenes reaction partners. A wide range of pyrroloindolines containing an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center were readily prepared in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.     

Divergent Synthesis of Monosubstituted and Unsymmetrical 3,6‐Disubstituted Tetrazines from Carboxylic Ester Precursors

Since tetrazines are important tools to the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, there is a need for new approaches to synthesize unsymmetrical and 3‐monosubstituted tetrazines. Described here is a general, one‐pot method for converting (3‐methyloxetan‐3‐yl)methyl carboxylic esters into 3‐thiomethyltetrazines. These versatile intermediates were applied to the synthesis of unsymmetrical tetrazines through Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and in the first catalytic thioether reduction to access monosubstituted tetrazines. This method enables the development of new tetrazine compounds possessing a favorable combination of kinetics, small size, and hydrophilicity. It was applied to a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic ester precursors and to the synthesis of heterocycles including BODIPY fluorophores and biotin. In addition, a series of tetrazine probes for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) were synthesized and the most reactive one was applied to the labeling of endogenous MAGL in live cells.     

Hyperbranched block copolymer from AB2 macromonomer: Synthesis and its reaction‐induced microphase separation in epoxy thermosets

In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of a hyperbranched block copolymer composed of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and polystyrene (PS) subchains. Toward this end, we first synthesized an α‐alkynyl‐ and ω,ω′‐diazido‐terminated PCL‐b‐(PS)₂ macromonomer via the combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. By the use of this AB₂ macromonomer, the hyperbranched block copolymer (h‐[PCL‐b‐(PS)₂]) was synthesized via a copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (i.e., click reaction) polymerization. The hyperbranched block copolymer was characterized by means of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Both differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy showed that the hyperbranched block copolymer was microphase‐separated in bulk. While this hyperbranched block copolymer was incorporated into epoxy, the nanostructured thermosets were successfully obtained; the formation of the nanophases in epoxy followed reaction‐induced microphase separation mechanism as evidenced by atomic force microscopy, small angle X‐ray scattering, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 368–380     

半色调荧光图像的光谱反射与透射模型

荧光油墨半色调印刷品的显色预测规律是彩色成像领域内十分关键的课题。把荧光半色调印刷品反射出来的光分成两个独立的部分,即由最初入射光组成的主光流和由于吸收了主光流而产生的荧光流;并且采用了一个指数矩阵来描述墨层产生的荧光光强,从而得出了荧光半色调图像色彩的光反射规律。考虑到入射光中从一种颜色油墨入射后再由同色油墨出射的概率要比从其它色油墨出射的概率要大的事实,讨论中引入权重因子描述从同色油墨出射部分与从整个表面出射部分比例不同的现象,建立了荧光油墨半色调图像的Clapper-Yule新光谱反射率模型。     

Generation, detection and characterization of optical minimum shift keying data format

This paper presents the detailed principle on the generation and detection of optical minimum shift keying (MSK) format for high-speed and high spectral efficiency WDM systems. 10.7 Gb/s optical MSK data is successfully generated by experiment using the proposed scheme. The results show that optical MSK signal exhibits very compact optical spectrum, which is promising for high spectral efficiency WDM applications. Simulation results on dispersion and nonlinear tolerance comparison confirm that MSK signal has better dispersion tolerance and nonlinear tolerance compared with 50% duty cycle return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (RZ-DPSK) and 50% duty cycle RZ on-off-keying (RZ-OOK) formats.