Biosorption of Au (III) and Cu (II) from aqueous solution by a non-living Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach

Biosorption of Au(III) and Cu(II) from dilute aqueous solutions was investigated by biomass of the non-living Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. The removal and recovery of gold and copper were studied by applying batch technique. The experimental parameters such as the pH of the solution, contact time, the amount of Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. (dried lichen), the concentration of metals on retention and eluents kind and amount have been investigated. Au(III) and Cu(II) were adsorbed on the dried lichen at pH 3 and pH 8, respectively. Quantitative retention (> or = 90%) was obtained within 60 minutes for metals. Maximum capacity of 1.0 g of dried lichen for biosorption of Au(III) and Cu(II) were found as 7.4 mg of Au(III) and 19.2 mg of Cu(II). It was seen that the adsorption equilibrium data conformed well to the Langmuir model and Freundlich equation for Au(III) and only Freundlich equation for Cu(II). The method proposed in this study was applied to spiked mineral water analysis and metals adsorbed on the lichens were quantitatively (> or = 90%) recovered from mineral water samples by using 0.5 mol L(-1) HCl.     

Magnetic trajectories in three-dimensional Lie groups

We study magnetic trajectories in Lie groups equipped with bi-invariant Riemannian metric. We define the Lorentz force of a magnetic field in a Lie group G, and then, we give the Lorentz force equation for the associated magnetic trajectories that are curves in G. When the manifold is a Lie group G equipped with bi-invariant Riemannian metric, we derive differential equation system that characterizes magnetic flow associated with the Killing magnetic curves with regard to the Lie reduction of the curve γ in G.     

X-Ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic study of 2-chloro-N-{4-[3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methylcyclobutyl]-thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide

The title compound C₁₈H₂₁ClN₂SO crystallizes with Z = 4 in space group P2₁/c. The structure of the title compound was characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR and single crystal diffraction. There are an intermolecular N-H…O hydrogen bond and a C-H…π interactions in crystal packing. In addition to the molecular geometry and packing obtained from X-ray experiment, the molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of the title compound in ground state have been calculated using density functional theory method DFT (B3LYP) with 6-31G (d, p) basis set. Calculated frequencies, bond lengths, angles and dihedral angles are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.     

Background defining during the imine formation reaction in FT-IR liquid cell

Imine formation is a very important chemical reaction because of its relevance to biological process. Therefore, it is crucial to follow whole reaction process in detail. The current work performed to monitor the whole imination reaction in real time in liquid cell by FT-IR spectroscopy. The complex spectral futures due to solvent, unreacted reagents, acid catalysis and other additives are eliminated by defining a background at the beginning or at any time during the reaction. This procedure also makes it possible to monitor the changes in the concentration of each component in the liquid cell. The consumption of the functional groups of the reagents results in absorbance due to the direct difference spectra while the appearance of functional groups is monitored as percentage transmittance. The concentration changes in the cell arising from the reaction gives the product spectra without having to isolate it from the mixture. It is also possible to see the intermediates appearing and disappearing during the reaction. This report also illustrates a brief application of the technique by time dependence of the peak highs in absorption (ABS) mode.     

Experimental (X-ray,FT-IR,and UV-Vis Spectroscopy) and Theoretical Methods (DFT Study) of N'-(Dipyridin-2-ylmethylene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide

Crystallography Reports - A new hydrazone derivative was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound was...     

Synthesis,crystal structure,HF and DFT calculations of 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-N-(1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine

The titled compound (1), has been synthesized and characterized by IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H…π and aromatic π-π interactions. There are also intramolecular N-H…N and C-H…N hydrogen bonds in the molecule. The use of quantum chemical calculations to characterise and optimise the choice of material is illustrated by ab initio treatments. Vibrational frequencies and LUMO-HOMO energy difference of 1 have also been investigated by Density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations. Calculated frequencies are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.     

Tritium activity levels in drinking water of Adana,Turkey

Tritium activity in potable drinking water samples from Adana city were measured using liquid scintillation counting after distillation procedure. The results exposed that the activity concentrations of the tritium measured in one-third of these samples were lower than minimum detectable activity which has a value of 2 Bq/L for counting time of 1,500 min. However, the maximum and mean value of the tritium activity was found to be 9.1 Bq/L (77.3 TU) and 7.0 Bq/l (59.4 TU), respectively. These values were substantially below the 100 Bq/L which is normative limit in Turkey for waters intended for human consumption. The highest values of annual effective dose received by infants, children and adults due to measured tritium activity were estimated as 0.041, 0.057 and 0.120 μSv/y, respectively.     

Ammonium O,O‐dicyclo­hexyl phosphoro­dithio­ate

The structure of the title compound, NH₄⁺·C₁₂H₂₂O₂PS₂⁻, consists of a polymeric arrangement of ammonium cations and O,O‐dicyclohexyl phosphorodithioate anions linked through N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. These inter­actions result in the formation of (100) sheets.