Chaos and reproduction in sea level

Prediction of sea-level is an important task for navigation, coastal engineering and geodetic applications, as well as recreational activities. This study presents a comparison of Chaos theory and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) techniques for sea level modelling for daily, weekly, 10-day and monthly time scale at the Cocos (Keeling) islands from 1992 to 2001. The state space reconstruction of the unknown underlying process is directly employed from time series data, through Takens delay embedding method: optimal embedding dimension and delay time are obtained from false nearest neighbours and average mutual information techniques, respectively. Optimal values are then used for the estimation of the correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent, for inspecting possible signatures of chaotic dynamics. We find a positive Lyapunov exponent an evident feature of chaos. Indeed, the nonlinear prediction of sea level, in the period ranging from January 2001 to December 2001, is in an excellent agreement with the data for the same period, evidencing the nonlinear nature of the process. ARIMA method is also used for sea level modelling, for the same time scales; the performances of the two models are compared using such statistical indices as the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC). The comparative analyses show that the chaos theory model has a slight edge over ARIMA while both models are in principal acceptable.     

Dynamic dairy facility location and supply chain planning under traffic congestion and demand uncertainty: A case study of Tehran

In this paper, dynamic dairy facility location and supply chain planning are studied through minimizing the costs of facility location, traffic congestion and transportation of raw/processed milk and dairy products under demand uncertainty. The proposed model dynamically incorporates possible changes in transportation network, facility investment costs, monetary value of time and changes in production process. In addition, the time variation and the demand uncertainty for dairy products in each period of the planning horizon is taken into account to determine the optimal facility location and the optimal production volumes. Computational results are presented for the model on a number of test problems. Also, an empirical case study is conducted in order to investigate the dynamic effects of traffic congestion and demand uncertainty on facility location design and total system costs.     

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF WEST NILE VIRUS MODEL WITH DISCRETE DELAYS

The paper presents the basic model for the transmission dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV). The model, which consists of seven mutually-exclusive compartments representing the birds and vector dynamics,...     

Mathematical Analysis of West Nile Virus Model with Discrete Delays

The paper presents the basic model for the transmission dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV). The model, which consists of seven mutually-exclusive compartments representing the birds and vector dynamics, has a locally-asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium whenever the associated reproduction number (?₀) is less than unity. As reveal in [3, 20], the analyses of the model show the existence of the phenomenon of backward bifurcation (where the stable disease-free equilibrium of the model co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the reproduction number of the disease is less than unity). It is shown, that the backward bifurcation phenomenon can be removed by substituting the associated standard incidence function with a mass action incidence. Analysis of the reproduction number of the model shows that, the disease will persist, whenever ?₀ > 1, and increase in the length of incubation period can help reduce WNV burden in the community if a certain threshold quantities, denoted by Δ_b and Δ_v are negative. On the other hand, increasing the length of the incubation period increases disease burden if Δ_b > 0 and Δ_v > 0. Furthermore, it is shown that adding time delay to the corresponding autonomous model with standard incidence (considered in [2]) does not alter the qualitative dynamics of the autonomous system (with respect to the elimination or persistence of the disease).     

Airport runway scheduling

Airport runway optimization is an ongoing challenge for air traffic controllers. Since demand for air-transportation is predicted to increase, there is a need to realize additional take-off and landing slots through better runway scheduling. In this paper, we review the techniques and tools of operational research and management science that are used for scheduling aircraft landings and take-offs. The main solution techniques include dynamic programming, branch and bound, heuristics and meta-heuristics.     

Associated Prime Submodules of Finitely Generated Modules

As generalizations of annihilators and associated primes, we introduce the notions of weak annihilators and weak associated primes, respectively. We first study the properties of the weak annihilator of a subset X in a ring R. We next investigate how the weak associated primes of a ring R behave under passage to the skew monoid ring R*M. Let R be a semicommutative ring, and M an ordered monoid and φ: M → Aut(R) a compatible monoid homomorphism. Then we can describe all weak associated primes of the skew monoid ring R*M in terms of the weak associated primes of R in a very straightforward way.     

Ultrasound promoted aminolysis of epoxides in aqueous media: a rapid procedure with no pH adjustment for additive-free synthesis of beta-aminoalcohols

An efficient and environmentally friendly procedure promoted by ultrasound irradiation is developed for stereoselective ring opening of various epoxides with aromatic and aliphatic amines under aqueous conditions in the presence of no catalyst or additive. Chemoselectivity of the protocol is shown by competition of piperidine and aniline to react with different epoxides resulting in exclusive formation of the respective products of piperidine.     

Influence of ultrasound on cadmium ion removal by sorption process

This study presents the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution by the sorption process in the presence (sono-sorption) and absence (conventional method) of ultrasound. Batch experiments were conducted to study the main parameters such as sorbate concentration, amount of sorbent, contact time, and ultrasound intensity. In addition, the sorbate/sorbent concentration ratios were studied in two different ways: (a) in a constant sorbate concentration and variable amount of sorbent, (b) in a constant amount of sorbent and variable sorbate concentration. The results indicated that under proper conditions, there was a possibility to remove cadmium ion very fast and efficiently from aqueous solution. In addition, the intensity of ultrasound and the sorbate/sorbent concentration ratio were two important factors for the removal of this pollutant and therefore, this study was focused mostly on these two variables.     

Effect of operational parameters on degradation of Malachite Green by ultrasonic irradiation

The aim of the present study was to apply ultrasonic technique to remove Malachite Oxalate Green (MG) from aqueous solution. An ultrasonic bath with frequency of 35 kHz was used to investigate the effect of different operational parameters such as MG concentration, power density, temperature, mechanical agitation and addition of EtOH, 2-PrOH and iso-BuOH. Decolorization of MG follows a first order kinetics and hydroxyl radicals have an important role in degradation of MG. The apparent reaction rate constant (k(ap)) was influenced by variation of operational parameters. The activation energy was 30.95 kJ/mol in temperature range of 21-34 degrees C, suggesting a diffusion-controlled reaction. Alcohols act as hydroxyl radicals scavengers having undesirable contribution. UV-vis spectral change of MG showed hypsochromic shift occurred with increasing sonication time, proposing N-demethylation process of MG.