岩石动态断裂韧度的尺寸效应

采用两种圆孔裂缝平台巴西圆盘试件(一种为直径分别为42、80、122、155 mm的几何相似试件,另一种为直径80 mm、仅裂缝长度不同的单一尺寸试件)对岩石动态断裂韧度的尺寸效应进行了研究。给出了在霍普金森压杆系统上对试件进行径向撞击产生的应变波形和断裂模式。实验结果表明,对于几何相似试件,动态断裂韧度的测试值随着尺寸的增大而增大,而对于单一尺寸试件,其测试值随着中心裂缝长度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势。裂缝前端的断裂过程区长度和孕育时间是岩石动态断裂韧度测试值表现为尺寸效应的主要原因,为了减小尺寸效应,建立了考虑这两个参数在空间-时间域对动态应力强度因子的分布进行积分后再平均来确定岩石动态断裂韧度的方法。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定藜芦中的介藜芦碱和藜芦胺

建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)测定藜芦中介藜芦碱、藜芦胺含量的方法,并对4种藜芦属药材样品进行了测定。采用的色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以乙腈和0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:0～5 min, 20%乙腈; 5～30 min, 20%乙腈～40%乙腈, 30～40 min, 40%乙腈～20%乙腈; 40～45 min, 20%乙腈;流速为0.8 mL/min;柱温为35 ℃;采用ELSD检测,漂移管温度为98 ℃,载气流速2.2 L/min 。介藜芦碱和藜芦胺的线性范围分别为42.05～980 mg/L和43.77～1020 mg/L;平均回收率分别为99.2%和101.4%,相对标准偏差分别为1.7%和2.1% (n=6);信噪比为3时,测得介藜芦碱和藜芦胺最低检测限分别为18.37 mg/kg和21.50 mg/kg。该方法快速简便、灵敏度和分离度好,适用于藜芦药材中活性生物碱的测定。     

量子密码协议的错误序列模型分析

量子密码协议具有无条件安全特性,其安全性通过窃听检测来保证.为了提高信息序列错误率的估计值精确度,提出了一种错误序列模型分析方法,通过构造法得到错误序列的二阶统计特性,从而通过经典方法对信息序列中错误序列进行预测,最后得到信息序列的错误率.在单次运行协议情况下,提高了窃听检测的精度,适用于其他量子密码协议. 关键词： 量子密码 最佳预测 窃听检测 序列重构     

Network-topology-adaptive quantum conference protocols

As an important application of the quantum network communication,quantum multiparty conference has made multiparty secret communication possible.Previous quantum multiparty conference schemes based on quantum data encryption are insensitive to network topology.However,the topology of the quantum network significantly affects the communication efficiency,e.g.,parallel transmission in a channel with limited bandwidth.We have proposed two distinctive protocols,which work in two basic network topologies with efficiency higher than the existing ones.We first present a protocol which works in the reticulate network using Greeberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and entanglement swapping.Another protocol,based on quantum multicasting with quantum data compression,which can improve the efficiency of the network,works in the star-like network.The security of our protocols is guaranteed by quantum key distribution and one-time-pad encryption.In general,the two protocols can be applied to any quantum network where the topology can be equivalently transformed to one of the two structures we propose in our protocols.     

基于开放式结构有限元系统 SiPESC.FEMS平板壳单元研发

基于开放式结构有限元系统SiPESC.FEMS的单元计算模块的设计模式,研发设计一种通用的平板壳单元计算框架。考虑板壳单元的组合关系和程序编制过程中的重用性及灵活性等特点,采用了软件设计中的构造器(Builder)模式实现不同的组合单元。本框架具有很好的通用性和可扩展性,为有限元程序研发提供了一个新的方式;同时,系统能够处理复杂荷载和边界条件,并可灵活实现不同类型单元的组合分析。本文利用此方法构造五种平板壳单元,通过数值算例分析对比讨论其性能,为选取合适的平板壳单元类型进行结构数值分析提供参考。     

Security proof of counterfactual quantum cryptography against general intercept-resend attacks and its vulnerability

Counterfactual quantum cryptography,recently proposed by Noh,is featured with no transmission of signal particles.This exhibits evident security advantages,such as its immunity to the well-known photon-number-splitting attack.In this paper,the theoretical security of counterfactual quantum cryptography protocol against the general interceptresend attacks is proved by bounding the information of an eavesdropper Eve more tightly than in Yin’s proposal [Phys.Rev.A 82 042335(2010)].It is also shown that practical counterfactual quantum cryptography implementations may be vulnerable when equipped with imperfect apparatuses,by proving that a negative key rate can be achieved when Eve launches a time-shift attack based on imperfect detector efficiency.     

结构拓扑优化中变量连接算法研究与软件实现Research and software implementation of variable connection algorithm for structural topology optimization

结构拓扑优化的变量连接,是通过对设计变量之间添加约束关系,从而得到特定的拓扑优化构型,使得优化结果能够满足工程上的特殊要求和工艺制造技术的限制。针对拓扑优化中的几类过滤形式及灵敏度分析,给出了考虑变量连接的计算公式;基于自主研发的SiPESC软件集成化平台,在SiPESC ．TOPO拓扑优化模块上进行二次开发,构建了拓扑优化的变量连接算法框架,其核心思想是基于面向对象设计方法和软件设计模式,实现算法与数据分离。详细阐述了变量连接的作用方式,以及软件框架通用接口设计方案,并通过数值算例验证了其在静力问题、动力问题和热传导问题上的可行性。     

结构优化半解析灵敏度及误差修正改进算法

提出结构半解析灵敏度分析及其针对刚体位移的误差修正方法的改进算法,构建灵敏度分析与误差修正项可分离形式.该方法实现简便,数值精度不受摄动步长与单元数目的影响.首先从总体角度推得静力问题的误差修正半解析灵敏度分析方法,提出了位移误差修正灵敏度列式,并给出算法实施途径;然后将此思路推广于自振频率、屈曲临界载荷问题,提出了相应的计算步骤.随后,给出梁单元与壳单元误差修正项的具体推导方法,并分别使用两种单元构建有限元模型进行算例测试.结果表明,该方法适用于多种分析类型,数值精度不受单元数目与摄动步长的影响.由于灵敏度分析与误差修正项可以分开计算,该方法支持将误差修正项直接叠加于灵敏度求解结果进行误差修正,使已有灵敏度分析程序得到充分利用.尤其对于复杂工程结构的优化设计,特别是形状优化设计以及尺寸、形状混合优化设计,相比于原误差修正方法,实现更为简便,效率有所提升,能为半解析灵敏度分析方法及其程序实现提供新的思路.     

基于界面主从位移控制的频响子结构方法

在复杂工程结构频响子结构分析中,各个子结构的频响函数往往是由不同的部门获得,各个子结构的频响函数可能是在不同的坐标系下得到,亦或有些子结构具有某种对称性,这需要对相应的子结构频响函数进行旋转和镜像变换后才能进行整体拼接。此外,子结构拼接时交界面的连接点有时可能存在不一致,为了满足位移协调和力平衡条件,本文基于界面主从位移控制原理,提出一种改进的频响子结构方法,该方法既能考虑子结构的旋转和镜像变换,也能考虑子结构界面间的柔性连接,并可大幅提高计算效率。当界面位移控制阵为单位阵时,改进的方法退化为传统的频响子结构方法。数值算例验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

Role of highest occupied molecular orbitals in molecular field-free alignment by a femtosecond pulse

This paper studies the molecular rotational excitation and field-free spatial alignment in a nonresonant intense laser field numerically and analytically by using the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation. The broad rotational wave packets excited by the femtosecond pulse are defined in conjugate angle space, and their coefficients are obtained by solving a set of coupled linear equations. Both single molecule orientation angles and an ensemble of O₂ and CO molecule angular distributions are calculated in detail. The numerical results show that, for single molecule highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) symmetry σ tends to have a molecular orientation along the laser polarization direction and the permanent dipole moment diminishes the mean of the orientation angles; for an ensemble of molecules, angular distributions provide more complex and additional information at times where there are no revivals in the single molecule plot. In particular, at the revival peak instant, with the increase of temperature of the molecular ensemble, the anisotropic angular distributions with respect to the laser polarization direction of the π _g orbital gradually transform to the symmetrical distributions regarding the laser polarization vector and for two HOMO configurations angular distributions of all directions are confined within a smaller angle when the temperature of the molecular ensemble is higher.