Joint development at transit stations in the United States

Joint development, as the term is generally used in connection with transit systems in the United States, is real estate development that is closely linked to public transportation services and station facilities, and takes advantage of the market and locational advantages provided by them. Research conducted by LEK Associates for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) suggests that, in addition to helping shape urban growth and land development, joint development is also a surprisingly effective means of increasing transit system ridership and farebox revenues, as well as a source of increasingly significant revenues from the sale or lease of air rights.The completion of nine joint development projects in as many different cities, started under the former Urban Initiatives Program, for example, net additional annual ridership might reach 12000000 one-way trips. Net additional annual farebox revenues might reach over $9000000. This added revenue would be sufficient to repay the $62 million combined UMTA/transit operator investment in the nine projects, exclusive of the costs of the basic transit system improvements around which the projects are planned, in less than six years.Among transit authority-administered joint development programs examined in a separate study, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) has had the most success in generating significant value capture income. For example, the cumulative revenue realized by WMATA from just six joint development projects in the Washington, DC region, through September 1983 exceeded $ 6.9 million. Projections through fiscal year 1986 indicate cumulative revenues approximating $ 28 million will be received from developer leases.     

Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multisectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.     

The design of bus route systems — An interactive location-allocation approach

An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided.     

电力机车高压设备污闪及其防治方法

文章介绍电力机车车顶高压设备污秽闪络的危害性．对污秽绝缘子闪络机理及其特点进行了研究,对污闪故障的影响因素进行分析,针对既有和新造电力机车,从设计、运用和管理等角度提出了一些防治污闪的方法,为电力机车设计厂家提供有益的参考。     

双网卡技术在逆变器测试系统中的应用

为解决牵引逆变器测试系统中局域网通信问题,研究了一种双网卡通信技术。该方法利用双网卡代替路由器,实现了工控机与控制机箱、被测DCU机箱的网络通信。经过试验验证可知,在控制机箱和被测DCU机箱均安装服务器程序,且工控机安装客户端程序的工况下,需将双网卡IP地址设置在不同的网段内,才能正确实现数据通信。该方法已成功应用深圳地铁5号线牵引逆变器测试系统中。     

牵引用3300V IGBT芯片均匀性及其对可靠性的影响

为满足轨道交通领域牵引用3300 V IGBT芯片应具有优良的栅极控制特性、较低的通态压降和较宽的安全工作区的要求,对3300 V IGBT芯片工艺进行了深入研究。在工艺控制和关键工艺改进方面采取措施,全面提升了牵引用3300 V IGBT芯片在栅极特性、电压阻断、导通特性和安全工作区等方面的表现,进而大幅度提高了芯片的可靠性。     

牵引级1500A/3300V IGBT功率模块的热学设计与仿真

主要针对牵引级1 500 A/3 300 V IGBT模块进行热学分析,建立了基于热节点网络的热阻等效电路模型,从理论上优化了功率模块的稳态热阻分布,通过有限元模型对1 500 A/3 300 V IGBT模块进行热学仿真设计,验证了该热阻模型的有效性。     

基于旅客行为微观仿真的大型铁路客运站售票设备配置方案评估研究

本文运用旅客行为微观仿真方法,针对大型铁路客运站旅客对售票设备的使用行为进行建模,提出基于旅客行为微观仿真的售票设备评估指标体系,并建立仿真系统。最后,以北京南站为例进行模型的参数标定和实例验证,解决了车站售票设备现状评估、极限能力计算及远景数量配置等问题。仿真发现:北京南站售票设备能够满足近期和远期设计要求;现状窗口开放条件下,极限服务能力为10万人;远期所有窗口均开放时,极限服务能力为35万人。研究表明,应用旅客行为微观仿真方法较传统方法和排队论方法能够更精细刻画售票设备与旅客的相互作用、更为客观地反映评估结果,由此验证所提模型和系统具有广泛的适用性。     

人类仿真技术在铁路系统中的应用

摘要：对应用于铁路人机工程学的人类仿真方法进行了总结,即一种仿真器是采用虚拟现实技术来模拟环境,例如驾驶仿真器、乘坐舒适度仿真器、铁路车站仿真器等。另一类仿真器则采用计算机仿真技术来评价列车司机工作时承受的精神负担、列车碰撞引起的旅客运动方式及损伤等。     

HX_D2型电力机车车轮型面的多目标优化

为优化HXD2型大功率交流传动电力机车的车轮型面,建立该机车的动力学模型,并根据大秦线直线以及800和1 000m半径曲线的线路参数分别设置2种线型。以轮轨磨耗、轮轨最大接触应力和轮轴横向力为目标函数,以4段衔接的不同半径圆弧描述车轮型面与钢轨的接触部分,将两端圆弧的半径以及两中间圆弧的圆心坐标作为设计变量,以满足临界速度、轮轨最大接触应力、横向平稳性、垂向平稳性、车轮疲劳因子、轮轨横向力和脱轨系数的要求为约束条件,建立HXD2型电力机车车轮型面多目标优化模型。采用基于高斯径向基响应面的多目标优化方法求解该模型,得到新的车轮型面。结果表明:新车轮型面可使HXD2型电力机车在800和1 000m半径曲线线路上运行时一位轮对的磨耗指数分别降低19.16%和15.95%,一位轮对外侧的轮轨最大接触应力分别降低28.72%和31.44%,一位轮对的轮轴横向力分别降低22.63%和18.57%。