AS1411 aptamer-modified theranostic liposomes co-encapsulating manganese oxide nano-contrast agent and paclitaxel for MRI and therapy of cancer

With the advantages and development of MRI nano-contrast agents (CAs), increasing number of MRI-based theranostic nanoparticles have emerged. Liposome, as a biosafe nanocarrier has been used phase III trial for cancer treatment. In this study, liposome was employed as a nanocarrier to co-encapsulate MRI nano-contrast agent poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted manganese oxide (PEG-MnO) and anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) for the fabrication of a novel theranostic nanocomplex. After being further modified with AS1411 aptamer, the obtained nanoprobe AS1411-liposome-PEG-MnO-PTX displayed the potential of simultaneous MRI diagnosis and therapy of renal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. It was found that compared with PEG-MnO nano-CA, liposome-PEG-MnO and AS1411-liposome-PEG-MnO presented a stronger MR contrast enhancement effect in the tumor and longer retention time in the tumor region. More importantly, the introduction of AS1411 aptamer further enhanced the MRI effect and the tumor growth inhibition effect, showing its potential use as a theranostic nanoprobe for renal carcinoma.

AS1411 aptamer modified theranostic liposomes co-encapsulating manganese oxide nano-contrast agent and paclitaxel for MRI and therapy of cancer was realized.     

某地区6590例妇科门诊患者宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染情况及基因亚型分析

目的:探讨某地区6590例妇科就诊人群人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况及基因亚型的分布特征。方法:选取辽宁省人民医院妇科门诊患者6590例为研究对象,采用HPV-DNA核酸分子快速杂交法检测所有患者的HPV总体感染情况及基因分型。结果:6590例患者中,HPV阳性率为19.36%,其中高危型HPV占91.22%,低危型HPV占8.78%,患者发生多重感染276例,其中双重感染占76.45%;16~29岁患者阳性率(25.18%)最高,50~59岁患者阳性率(20.40%)次之,≥70岁患者阳性率(13.97%)最低。16~29岁患者多重感染率(6.72%)最高,其次为70~83岁患者(6.14%)。高危型感染率前5位依次为HPV16、52、58、53、39,低危型感染前3位为HPV81、11、6。结论:妇科门诊患者中HPV的感染率较高,并以高危型感染为主。定期进行HPV筛查,有利于预防及早期发现宫颈病变。     

鞘管法子宫输卵管造影的临床价值

目的 探讨鞘管法子宫输卵管造影临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院2018年5月至2018年10月行子宫输卵管造影(hysterosalpingography, HSG)检查的患者资料,比较鞘管法HSG和传统HSG造影时间、造影剂使用量、不良反应发生率及输卵管显影率。结果 两种输卵管造影方法输卵管显影率及造影剂使用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鞘管法HSG检查造影时间短于传统HSG,造影后不良反应发生率低(P<0.05)。结论 鞘管法HSG能清晰显示宫腔及输卵管,省时、操作简便,更适用于临床,尤其适用于无顺产生育史女性患者。     

RIM genes differentially contribute to organizing presynaptic release sites

Tight coupling of Ca(2+) channels to the presynaptic active zone is critical for fast synchronous neurotransmitter release. RIMs are multidomain proteins that tether Ca(2+) channels to active zones, dock and prime synaptic vesicles for release, and mediate presynaptic plasticity. Here, we use conditional knockout mice targeting all RIM isoforms expressed by the Rims1 and Rims2 genes to examine the contributions and mechanism of action of different RIMs in neurotransmitter release. We show that acute single deletions of each Rims gene decreased release and impaired vesicle priming but did not alter the extracellular Ca(2+)-responsiveness of release (which for Rims gene mutants is a measure of presynaptic Ca(2+) influx). Moreover, single deletions did not affect the synchronization of release (which depends on the close proximity of Ca(2+) channels to release sites). In contrast, deletion of both Rims genes severely impaired the Ca(2+) responsiveness and synchronization of release. RIM proteins may act on Ca(2+) channels in two modes: They tether Ca(2+) channels to active zones, and they directly modulate Ca(2+)-channel inactivation. The first mechanism is essential for localizing presynaptic Ca(2+) influx to nerve terminals, but the role of the second mechanism remains unknown. Strikingly, we find that although the RIM2 C(2)B domain by itself significantly decreased Ca(2+)-channel inactivation in transfected HEK293 cells, it did not rescue any aspect of the RIM knockout phenotype in cultured neurons. Thus, RIMs primarily act in release as physical Ca(2+)-channel tethers and not as Ca(2+)-channel modulators. Different RIM proteins compensate for each other in recruiting Ca(2+) channels to active zones, but contribute independently and incrementally to vesicle priming.     

Human Antibody Neutralizes Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus,an Emerging Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), a newly discovered member of the Bunyaviridae family, is the causative agent of an emerging hemorrhagic fever, SFTS, in China. Currently, there are no vaccines or effective therapies against SFTS. In this study, a combinatorial human antibody library was constructed from the peripheral lymphocytes of 5 patients who had recovered from SFTS. The library was screened against purified virions for the production of single-chain variable-region fragments (ScFv). Of the 6 positive clones, one clone (monoclonal antibody [MAb] 4-5) showed neutralizing activity against SFTSV infection in Vero cells. MAb 4-5 was found to effectively neutralize all of the clinical isolates of SFTSV tested, which were isolated from patients in China from 2010 to 2012. MAb 4-5 was found to bind a linear epitope in the ectodomain of glycoprotein Gn. Its neutralizing activity is attributed to blockage of the interactions between the Gn protein and the cellular receptor, indicating that inhibition of virus-cell attachment is its main mechanism. These data suggest that MAb 4-5 can be used as a promising candidate molecule for immunotherapy against SFTSV infection.     

Carbon nanostructure-reinforced SiCw/Si3N4 composite with enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties

Carbon nanostructures (CNS) as a kind of reinforcement material can remarkably enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of ceramics. This research presents an analysis of the influence of CNS on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of SiC_w/Si₃N₄ composites. The SiC_w/Si₃N₄ composites containing various types of CNS e.g. carbon nanofibers (CNF), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nano-platelets (GNP) were fabricated by hot-press sintering. XRD analysis confirmed a complete transformation of α-Si₃N₄ to β-Si₃N₄ and microstructural analysis shows a uniform distribution, as well as a pullout and bridging mechanism of CNS. The results revealed that the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of SiC_w/Si₃N₄ composites increased with the addition of CNS. Maximum values of fracture toughness (9.70 ± 0.8 MPa m^1/2) and flexural strength (765 ± 58 MPa) have been achieved for the MWCNT-containing SiC_w/Si₃N₄ composite, whereas the maximum values of Young''s modulus (250 ± 3.8 GPa) and hardness (27.2 ± 0.9 GPa) have been achieved for the CNF-containing SiC_w/Si₃N₄ composite. Moreover, thermal conductivity also improved with the addition of CNS and reached a maximum value of 110.6 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for the CNF-containing SiC_w/Si₃N₄ composite. This work provides a useful approach for the fabrication of high-performance multifunctional composites for emerging engineering applications.

Carbon nanostructures (CNS) as a kind of reinforcement material can remarkably enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of ceramics.     

颈椎手术患者神经功能的动态评估及护理

目的 探讨对颈椎手术患者进行神经功能动态评估以及护理干预的效果.方法 采用自行编制的颈椎神经功能评估表对342例择期行颈椎手术患者的神经功能进行动态评估.评估内容包括肌肉力量、感觉功能和膀胱功能.护理干预内容包括术前护理、心理护理、颈椎制动、康复锻炼等.结果 36例患者术后发生神经功能恶化,其中15例及时行血肿清除术,5例行原入路探查、血肿清除术,3例行二次减压术,13例行物理康复治疗.患者在及时的治疗和护理后症状逐渐缓解.结论 神经功能动态评估有助于及早发现细微的病情变化,为患者进行及早、有效的治疗赢得了时间,促进患者康复.     

Facial corticobulbar motor-evoked potential monitoring during the clipping of large and giant aneurysms of the anterior circulation

Surgical outcomes for large and giant intracranial aneurysms are suboptimal. Two important reasons for higher complication rates are either occlusion of perforators or parent arteries during aneurysm clipping, or prolonged temporary occlusion of the main arteries. Somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring and transcranial motor-evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring are standard techniques for monitoring ischemia either during temporary arterial occlusion or after permanent clipping. In our study, facial corticobulbar motor-evoked potential (FCoMEP) monitoring was included to determine whether this modality improved intraoperative monitoring. FCoMEP were recorded intraoperatively in 21 patients undergoing surgical clipping of large and giant aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Valid TcMEP parameters were obtained for all patients. A correlation tending to significance between a prolonged temporary clipping time and TcMEP decrement was observed. In addition to this, the inclusion of FCoMEP improved the sensitivity of extremity muscle motor-evoked potential (ExMEP, which included TcMEP) monitoring (from 80% to 100%). In the long-term assessment, a favorable outcome was achieved in 16 of the 21 patients (76%). In conclusion, FCoMEP provides complementary corticobulbar tract information for detecting perforating vessel compromise that may lead to motor impairment and that is not identified by ExMEP.     

Association of Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1b C-338A Polymorphism with Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Han Population

Endothelin-converting enzyme-1b (ECE-1b) C-338A is a polymorphism located in ECE-1 gene promoter, which has been reported to correlate with the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study of 309 patients with ischemic stroke and 309 controls matched on age and gender. The frequencies of ECE-1b-338 CC, CA, and AA genotypes in cases (45.0, 40.4, and 14.6 %) were significantly different from those of controls (53.1, 39.1, and 7.8 %, χ ²?=?8.519, P?=?0.014), respectively. Compared with C carriers, A alleles showed correlation with a 42 % increased risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted odds ratio (OR)?=?1.42, 95 % CI?=?1.11–1.81). After adjustment for potential risk factors, the AA genotype still kept positive correlation with ischemic stroke (OR?=?1.78; 95 % CI?=?1.06–3.54). In stratified analyses, the significant association of the A allele with ischemic stroke was observed in female subjects (adjusted OR?=?1.64, 95 % CI?=?1.17–2.89) and the subjects with age ≥64 years old (adjusted OR?=?2.09, 95 % CI?=?1.38–3.23). The present study suggested that the C-338A polymorphism of the ECE-1b gene was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population.