全氟辛烷磺酸对大鼠仔鼠学习记忆能力的影响

Objective To study the effects of prenatal and postnatal perfluorooetane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure on spatial learning and memory, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) mRNA and protein level in frontal cortex and hippoeampus of rat pups and to explore the mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity induced by PFOS. Methods Twenty-eight pregnant mrs were randomly divided into three groups in proportion of 3: 2: 2,including control group (C), low dose group (L) and high dose group (H) by means of randomized number table, which respectively received 0,7.2, 14.4 mg/kg PFOS feed from pregnancy day 0 to postnatal day(PND)30 by free feedings. The animal models of prenatal and postnatal non-exposure (CC), prenatal exposure (LC and HC), postnatal exposure (CL and CH), and prenatal and postnatal exposure (LL and HH) to PFOS were established by cross-fostering method. The spatial learning and memory were measured by water maze experiment,the NR2B mRNA levels in frontal cortex of rat pups was determined with semi-quantitative RT-PCR, NR2B protein express in cerebral cortex (frontal and tempera]cortex) and hippocampus (CAI, CA3, CA4 and DG regions) of rat pups was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The escape latency of CL, CH, LL and HH groups pups in water maze experiment were (99. 83±25.77) s, (111.30±17. 82) s, (106. 40±18. 71) s, (107.70±16. 85) s, and longer as compared with CC group[(54.90±26.69)s](q value were 4.349,4.773,6.026 and 5.641, respectively,P<0. 01). The number of errors of HH group rat pups entering dead end was (22. 30±7.56) at the training day 4,and it was significantly higher than that of CC group (9. 80±4. 64) (q=5. 173,P<0. 01). The NR2B mRNA levels of frontal cortex of pups in HC group at PND1 ,and LC group, HC group and HH group at PND14 were (0. 167±0. 008), (0. 364±0. 035), (0. 341±0. 030) and (0. 328±0. 045) respectively,which were significantly lower than CC group (0.271±0.060) and (0.465±0.067) (q values were 3. 547, 3. 739, 4. 597 and 5. 006, respectively, P<0.05) . The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that NR2B protein express of the hippocampus CA1 region of pups in LC group was (0.091±0.005),and showed significant lower than CC group which was (0. 123±0.009) at PND1 (q=5. 209 ,P<0. 05). At PND14, the effect of PFOS extended to cerebral cortex and hippocampus regions. At PND28, the effects of PFOS were showed in hippocampus CA1, CA3 and temporal cortex regions. Conclusion Prenatal and postnatal exposure to PFOS should result in the spatial learning and memory damage,and the mechanism might be possibly involved in the decrease of NR2B level in cerebra lcortex and hippocampal formation regions.     

桦甸市农村蠕虫流行病学调查

本文报告了吉林省桦甸市农村蔬菜、儿童指甲、农家门把手及蝇和蜚蠊的蠕虫卵携带情况，同时报告了当地黄牛肝片形吸虫感染情况。抽检的６种蔬菜，在黄瓜检出蛔虫卵，阳性率为６．７％，在豆角和茄子检出肝片形吸虫卵，阳性率分别为６．７％和１６．７％；在葱同时检出蛔虫卵和肝片形吸虫卵，二者阳性率分别为１０％和４０％；其它蠕虫卵未检出。黄牛粪便肝片形吸虫卵检出率为５０％。     

病理学教学体会

病理学是基础与临床之间的桥梁学科,教学和学科的建设与发展离不开外科病理检验。教师应提高自身的专业知识,课堂讲解概念清楚,重点突出,处理好总论与各论的关系。多媒体手段适合病理学教学但尚需改进完善。     

白芍总苷微孔渗透泵片中芍药苷的含量测定

目的建立用RP-HPLC法测定白芍总苷微孔渗透泵控释片中芍药苷含量的方法。方法采用Diamonsil C_(18)色谱柱(5μm,250mm×4.6mm),以甲醇-水-磷酸(体积比33:67:0.2)为流动相,检测波长230nm。结果芍药苷质量浓度在20～100μg/ mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995),平均加样回收率100.6%(n=6)。结论本法准确、简便、专属性强,可用于白芍总苷微孔渗透泵控释片的质量控制。     

鲁桑叶化学成分研究

目的：研究鲁桑Morus multicaulis叶的化学成分。方法：应用离子交换树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从鲁桑叶中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为1-脱氧野尻霉素(1),fagomine(2),2-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-1-deoxynojirimycin(3),槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),山柰酚(5),槲皮素(6),莨菪亭(7),D-天门冬氨酸(8),L-脯氨酸(9),D-α-丙氨酸(10),肌醇c(11),胡萝卜苷(12)。结论：以上12个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

寒凝气滞血瘀型痛经的中医治疗

目的:观察生化汤加味治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效。方法:原发性痛经患者101人,根据中医辨证论治原则筛选出符合寒凝气滞血瘀型痛经者57人为治疗组,其余44人为对照组。治疗组给予生化汤治疗3个疗程,对照组给予常规止痛药或解痉药如吲哚美辛、布洛芬,痛重者肌注安痛定或654-2,分别观察在用药前、用药后及停药3个月后腹痛强度及腹痛缓解程度。结果:治愈率、显效率中药优于西药,好转率西药优于中药;总有效率两组无显著性差异。结论:生化汤治疗原发性痛经与对照组相比较有显著差异,疗效肯定,作用持久,远期疗效优于对照组。     

闵小艮仙学思想泛言(续三)

三曰出阳神之境界。学者每于“阳神出体”、“身外有身”一类词句,望文生义,以为丹成之后,在身体外实实在在有个“光洁如婴儿”的身体存在,这实在是著相、片面、呆板的见解,遂使“气光婴出游”一类邪说得以人主心田。须知“神无方而易无体”,神是无形无象的,但又自在显示各种形象。所谓出阳神者,即无神得天地元气点化,突破自身肉体这一‘小宇宙”的局限,透过浑身四万四千毛孔,与无边无际的大宇宙合而为一,庄子谓之‘与天地精神相往来”。这个无形无相、浑然湛然的元神充塞于天地之间,能自主支配各种事物。若执定有形色可睹,即…     

清血颗粒治疗大鼠继发性红细胞增多症的实验研究

目的:观察清血颗粒对大鼠继发性红细胞增多症的影响。方法:注射外源性促红细胞生成素(EPO) ,建立无缺氧状态继发性红细胞增多症大鼠模型。将清血颗粒分高、低两种剂量口服给药,同时设立西药依那普利组作对照。观察外周血象,EPO 水平和病理变化。结果:造模组出现继发性红细胞增多症状态。清血颗粒两组外周血象与正常组无差异,服药前后无差异。依那普利组外周血象轻度升高,与正常组有差异(P< 0 .05) ,服药前后变化无统计学意义。结论:清血颗粒可以阻断EPO 对外周血象的增长作用。无论中药及对照西药均无抑制骨髓造血的作用。     

多原发癌（附18例报告）

目的探讨多原发癌的发生因素和预后。方法对１８例多原发癌临床资料进行综合分析。结果第一癌以乳腺癌和女性生殖系统肿瘤居多,第二癌则以肺癌和消化系统肿瘤居多。同时性４例,异时性１４例,间隔时间９个月～２４年。两癌在同器官或同系统发生者,以间隔时间较短者居多,两癌在不同器官不同系统发生者,以间隔时间较长者居多。生存３例,因第一癌多发性转移死亡１例,其他多因第二癌晚期而死亡。结论多原发癌好发生于乳腺和女性生殖系统肿瘤患者可能与其生存期较长有关。第二癌以肺癌和消化系统肿瘤居多,与本地区瘤谱相符。同时性同器官或同系统肿瘤发生可能有相同的致癌因素,异时性非同系统肿瘤致癌因素可能不同。第二癌治疗应同第一癌一样,做到三早,会有较好的预后。