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991.
Gregory R. Maio Bas Verplanken Antony S. R. Manstead Wolfgang Stroebe Charles Abraham Paschal Sheeran Mark Conner 《Social Issues and Policy Review》2007,1(1):99-137
Crises in obesity and changes in the environment illustrate the need to change problematic behaviors and lifestyles in large segments of the population. This article uses social psychological theory and research to understand methods for facilitating lifestyle change. A basic assumption in the social psychological perspective is that the environment and the person interact to determine behavior. Both factors are important for understanding "upstream" and "downstream" approaches to lifestyle change ( McKinlay, 1993 ; Verplanken & Wood, 2006 ) and consideration of one factor without the other may be disastrous. We review evidence from within and outside of the health context to illustrate the upstream and downstream approaches and then describe implications for public policy and intervention. The evidence and recommendations encompass a wide range of behaviors, ranging from speeding and intoxicated driving to eating an unhealthy diet and energy conservation. When armed with the relevant social psychological theory and evidence, lifestyle change campaigns are likely to be successful. 相似文献
992.
Objectives . Political science long ignored the actual mechanics of voting—until the 2000 presidential contest. This research note offers a systematic empirical inquiry into the potential effects of various voting methods and electorate–specific variables on the rate at which citizens register a preference via the act of voting. Methods . Voting methods were analyzed in relation to the rate of undervotes recorded in Georgia's 159 counties during the 2000 general election using a set of multivariate models. Results . Lever machines and fill in the oval optical scan ballots are associated with lower rates of undervoting. Counties with large numbers of new registrants, lower education levels, and a higher proportion of African–American voters were found to have higher error rates. Conclusions . The results of this study provide strong evidence that voting methods and ballot types, as well as electorate–specific characteristics, are key factors in determining the error rate associated with the process of voting at the county level. 相似文献
993.
This paper will provide information on a recent Breakthrough Series Collaborative (BSC) conducted by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network on Using Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Practice to Improve Foster Care Placement Stability. Information on this particular BSC will be provided, followed by initial findings gathered from an evaluation of the BSC and metrics gathered by each of the nine participating teams throughout the BSC process. Specific trauma-informed promising strategies adopted by teams are presented along with recommendations for next steps. 相似文献
994.
Donald J. Baumann Charles Grigsby Janess Sheets J. Christopher GrahamJason Holoubek James FarrisEugene Wang 《Children and youth services review》2011,33(9):1648-1657
This article presents a concept-guided approach to the assessment of risk in the life situations of children alleged to be maltreatment victims. This concept-guided risk assessment is theoretically based and is the first to use a nomological hierarchy which can yield itself to systematic testing for construct validity. Data were collected on 1199 cases referred for investigations of child maltreatment. Reliability was examined by applying Cronbach's alpha coefficient to the 25 risk features and the 18 risk category constructs within the seven risk areas. Convergent validity coefficients for seven risk area constructs and eighteen risk category constructs were computed and structural validity was examined using an analysis technique adapted from the multitrait-multimethod technique of Campbell and Fiske (1959). Predictive validity was assessed using a multivariate measure assessing rated risk, seriousness, and concern. In general, the results support construct validity. Improvements are needed in assessments of child vulnerability and caregiver stress. The overall psychometric evidence, combined with the model's hierarchical and theoretical nature, suggests a promising direction for future research on understanding and preventing child maltreatment. 相似文献
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Charles F. Pidgin 《Journal of the American Statistical Association》2013,108(11-12):107-115
999.
Quality Assurance in Social Work Education: A Comparison of Outcome Assessments across the Continuum
Grafton H. Hull Jr. Jannah Hurn Mather Patricia M. Christopherson Charles M. Young 《Journal of Social Work Education》2013,49(3):388-396
Abstract Although assessing program outcomes has become increasingly important in higher education, no systematic research has been undertaken to determine the outcome measurement systems used across the entire continuum of social work education. This study, based on a 1992 survey of more than 150 baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral social work education programs, is the first to provide substantive data about the types of assessment systems in place at all three levels. It describes the frequency of use of various systems, makes comparisons across the levels of education, and discusses the implications for social work education at each level. 相似文献
1000.
In a study of female orgasmic functioning, hypotheses derived from Weiner's (1974) achievement‐motivation model of attribution theory were contrasted with those from a model of self‐serving attributional bias. A 40‐item Sexual Behavior Questionnaire that elicited expectations and causal attributions for orgasmic and nonorgasmic coital outcomes was administered to 87 women. Predictions that (a) unexpected orgasmic outcomes will be attributed to unstable causes, (b) expectancy for future outcomes will depend on the stability of attributions made for previous outcomes, and (c) attributions for coital outcomes will be consistent with previous personal history were confirmed for high, but not low orgasmic consistency women (all ps < .05). High consistency women used a typically masculine strategy, attributing success to stable, internal causes and failure to unstable, external causes. Low consistency women, on the other hand, did not make attributions consistent with their previous history. They employed a self‐handicapping strategy by blaming themselves for failure and not taking credit for success. These results, consistent with previous attributional literature, suggest that modifications need to be made in Weiner's model as it is extended to this clinical area. 相似文献