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971.
This paper provides a recent profile of the gender and race-ethnicity of faculty in top research departments of economics, political science, and sociology. Most faculty are male, although there appear to be critical masses of women in political science and sociology. Blacks and Hispanics are underrepresented among faculty relative to their shares of the population. Within each racial-ethnic group examined, there are more male than female faculty members, with a smaller gender gap for Blacks than for other racial-ethnic groups. In general, the higher the rank, the greater the proportion of males than females, especially for Whites and Asians. 相似文献
972.
David Pfeiffer Anna Ah Sam Martha Guinan Katherine T. Ratliffe Nancy B. Robinson Norma Jean Stodden 《The Social Science Journal》2004,41(4):683-687
This note looks at ethnic and religious perspectives of people who are training for and/or working in the helping professions in regard to their views of disability. The Modified Issues in Disabilities Scale (MIDS) was administered to a sample of people training for and/or working in the helping professions. A statistically significant association was found between ethnic and religious perspectives and scores on the MIDS. 相似文献
973.
Objective. In this article, we use data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey—Kindergarten Cohort to analyze the links between preschool attendance and the school readiness of children of immigrants. Methods. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey—Kindergarten Cohort, we estimate multivariate regression models for the effects of preschool on school readiness for children of immigrants and children of natives. Results. We find that children whose mothers were born outside the United States are less likely to be enrolled in school or center‐based preschool programs than other children. We find that preschool attendance raises reading and math scores as much for children of immigrants as it does for other children. Attending preschool also raises the English‐language proficiency of children of immigrants. Although not the main focus of our study, we examined the effects of Head Start, and found that this program improves children's English proficiency, with especially large effects for children of immigrants whose mothers have less than a high school education; in this latter group, Head Start also improved math scores. Conclusions. Given that preschool benefits children of immigrants as much as it does children of natives and given that children of immigrants are less likely to be enrolled, our findings strongly suggest that enrolling more children of immigrants in preschool would help reduce inequality in skills at school entry. 相似文献
974.
975.
Corey Lee Wrenn Joanne Clark Maddie Judge Katharine A. Gilchrist Delanie Woodlock Katherine Dotson 《Disability & Society》2015,30(9):1307-1327
Nonhuman Animal rights activists are sometimes dismissed as ‘crazy’ or irrational by countermovements seeking to protect status quo social structures. Social movements themselves often utilize disability narratives in their claims-making as well. In this article, we argue that Nonhuman Animal exploitation and Nonhuman Animal rights activism are sometimes medicalized in frame disputes. The contestation over mental ability ultimately exploits humans with disabilities. The medicalization of Nonhuman Animal rights activism diminishes activists’ social justice claims, but the movement’s medicalization of Nonhuman Animal use unfairly otherizes its target population and treats disability identity as a pejorative. Utilizing a content analysis of major newspapers and anti-speciesist activist blogs published between 2009 and 2013, it is argued that disability has been incorporated into the tactical repertoires of the Nonhuman Animal rights movement and countermovements, becoming a site of frame contestation. The findings could have implications for a number of other social movements that also negatively utilize disability narratives. 相似文献
976.
Nikola M. Zaharakis Katherine A. Taylor Wendy Kliewer 《Journal of research on adolescence》2015,25(1):75-80
This study utilized qualitative content analysis to examine messages conveyed about alcohol and other drugs by urban Black mothers (N = 130) with a personal, familial, or personal and familial history of problematic substance use to younger and older adolescents (M = 15.2 years). Data from a two‐cohort longitudinal sample revealed considerable similarity in themes across the younger and older cohorts. Results suggest Black mothers offer more messages of information and advice to younger adolescents, while communicating directives related to use to older adolescents. 相似文献
977.
Charles R. Nelson 《The American statistician》2013,67(4):175-180
It is demonstrated that factors needed to conduct tests and form confidence intervals for the ratio of two normal variances can be found using one of the new desk calculators which compute F probabilities. 相似文献
978.
Chernoff's bound on P[X ? t] is used almost universally when a tight bound on tail probabilities is required. In this article we show that for all positive t and for all distributions, the moment bound is tighter than Chernoff's bound. By way of example, we demonstrate that the improvement is often substantial. 相似文献
979.
A general testing procedure is proposed to multivariately test for equality of p variances among k groups. The procedure applies a multivariate analysis of variance on an appropriate measure of spread for the uncensored original observations. Three such measures of spread are compared in a simulation experiment which considered two and three variables with equal and unequal sample sizes for the null and alternative hypotheses for Gaussian, Student's t (8, 12, and 20 degrees of freedom) and gamma (α=2,4,6 and 10) distributions . The likelihood ratio test (Box, 1949) was included in the above simulations. The results suggest that if one chooses a measure of spread appropriate for the distribution of the original observations, the proposed MANOVA-based testing procedure is robust and reasonably powerful. Using this procedure for the normal distribution, similar power was observed to that of the likelihood ratio test when the variables were uncorrelated or had little positive correlation. 相似文献
980.
This paper presents a nonparametric comparison of two samples of units subject to recurrent events. The method is illustrated with applications to the repair of locomotive braking grids and to recurrent bladder tumors in patients. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献