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91.
Phillip Nelson 《Economic inquiry》1994,32(1):92-102
Political behavior generates private benefits by helping people fit in with desired friends. A voter imitates other voters, but at the same time they imitate him. An equilibrium solution requires exogenous variables: the narrow self-interest of the participants. The reduced form makes one's vote a function of the narrow self-interest of others as well as one's own. In accord with the model, a person's party identification depends on his ethnic group's current income and its income in 1909 as well as his own income. 相似文献
92.
To expand health care coverage to uninsured, low-income children, the Congress created the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in 1997. Given ample evidence that state Medicaid programs have failed to enroll many eligible children, experts questioned whether SCHIP could successfully enroll low-income children. Using Georgia state SCHIP data, we analyzed enrollment patterns and identified factors contributing to program enrollment. This study found that the children's enrollment is explained by perceived costs and benefits of joining the program as well as the underlying family structure, demographic factors, and health status. We discuss implications of these findings on the participation of low-income families in public sector programs. 相似文献
93.
We conducted an extensive literature search of both published and unpublished sources to assess the use and effectiveness
of worksite interventions that offer financial and other incentives. Many companies are using financial incentives, either
alone or in combination with other interventions, to motivate employees to adopt and maintain healthier lifestyles. These
incentives include cash bonuses, paid vacation days, and health insurance rebates. Although more research is needed, the literature
suggests that financial incentives, if properly implemented, may successfully promote behavioral change among employees.
Eric A. Finkelstein Ph.D., M.H.A. currently conducts economic and health policy research at RTI International, teaches an undergraduate Health Economics course
at Duke University, and is a member of RTI-UNC Center of Excellence in Health promotion Economics. He focuses on the economic
causes and consequences of health behaviors, with a primary emphasis on behaviors related to obesity. He has published several
peer-reviewed papers in this area. A recent publication entitled “National Medical Expenditures Attributable to Overweight
and Obesity,” was published in Health Affairs and garnered national media attention, including a front-page story in USA Today, coverage in Time magazine and the Washington Post, and was reported in other radio, television, newspaper, and Internet outlets across the country. That paper is now routinely
cited as a driving motivation to reduce obesity rates. Dr. Finkelstein currently leads several projects concerning the causes
and consequences of health behaviors for the CDC and other public and private sector agencies, and frequently speaks at conferences
concerning the economic impact of obesity and strategies for reducing this burden.
Katherine M. Kosa, M.S. conducts economic and food and nutrition policy research at RTI International with a primary focus on consumer behavior research.
She recently completed a study to examine the general public's attitude and support for obesity interventions recently introduced
at the state and federal level. To inform labeling policy decisions for USDA and FDA, Ms. Kosa conducts focus groups and surveys
to understand consumer attitudes, knowledge, and practices. 相似文献
94.
Mary Lynne Courtney Robert Cohen Daneen P. Deptula Katherine M. Kitzmann 《Social Development》2003,12(1):46-66
We experimentally examined social contextual factors that might moderate children's dislike for aggressors and for victims of aggression, by varying both the aggressor's behavior (aggressive toward multiple children versus aggressive only toward one child) and the victim's behavior (passive versus assertive). Children (117 male and female fourth to sixth graders) listened to one of four scenarios describing the experiences of boys at a summer camp and rated how much they liked the aggressor, the victim, and the other children in the scenario; children also reported how much they thought the aggressor, victim, and others liked each other. Overall, and consistent with previous research, children disliked aggressors the most, followed by victims and then by the other children in the scenarios. Importantly, children's liking was influenced by the social context in which the aggression occurred, particularly in regards to how the victim responded. Aggressors (general or focused) were liked more if their victim was assertive rather than nonassertive. Furthermore, children liked nonassertive victims less than assertive victims, particularly a nonassertive victim in response to a general aggressor. Inferred liking among the group members also was dependent on the social context of the provocation. This research highlights the need to consider aggression as more than a set of behaviors. Aggression is a social event embedded within a social context and interpersonal relationships must be considered. 相似文献
95.
B A Nelson 《Child welfare》1989,68(1):57-60
Beginning in 1981 as an effort to reduce mortality rates of at-risk infants, the Teen Pregnancy Project of this agency has grown steadily into a multiservice program with many approaches, yet all services for its help-resistant population depend upon an outreach, home-visiting initiative to establish useful relationships with its clients. 相似文献
96.
This article investigates the extent to which womenspolitical, civil, and social citizenship rights in the postGood Friday Agreement (1998)period in Northern Ireland can be expanded. It argues that theGood Friday Agreement, as a framework document, offers someopportunity for the expansion of womens political andcivil citizenship rights. Legislative attempts to extend the1967 Abortion Act (United Kingdom) to Northern Ireland and recentefforts to have the existing law governing abortion in NorthernIreland clarified through the judiciary are examined to demonstratethe continued denial of womens social citizenship rights.Various routes to address Northern Irish womens accessto abortion services are assessed, and it is argued that extendingthe 1967 Abortion Act to Northern Ireland, a long-standing demandof pro-choice womens groups, will insufficiently facilitatewomens access to social citizenship rights. Consistentwith recent directions in social policy scholarship, this articleargues that a recognition of agency as an outcome of individualand collective social action is necessary to access abortionand womens social citizenship rights in the postGoodFriday Agreement period in Northern Ireland. 相似文献
97.
Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence suggests a gradual, experience‐dependent specialization of cortical face processing systems that takes place largely in the 1st year of life. To further investigate these findings, event‐related potentials (ERPs) were collected from typically developing 9‐month‐old infants presented with pictures of familiar and unfamiliar monkey or human faces in 2 different orientations. Analyses revealed differential processing across changes in monkey and human faces. The N290 was greater for familiar compared to unfamiliar faces, regardless of species or orientation. In contrast, the P400 to unfamiliar faces was greater than to familiar faces, but only for the monkey condition. The P400 to human faces differentiated the orientation of both familiar and unfamiliar faces. These results suggest more specific processing of human compared to monkey faces in 9‐month‐olds. 相似文献
98.
As a number of new nations emerged in the early nineties, there has been a spurt in regulatory initiatives in transition countries
toward nation building and socio-economic reforms. A key prerequisite to policy changes is an understanding of the related
patterns and policies. This paper provides an overview of the smoking trends in transition nations, broken by gender and age,
and the antismoking policies in place. In particular, four different types of non-price policies are studied. Comparisons
with the rest of the world show that transition countries do not fare badly in terms of implementing antismoking policies
and are, in fact, better in some cases than other countries. However, greater smoking prevalence for some population subgroups
in transition nations suggests that either some other socio-economic factors influencing smoking prevalence might be at play
or there might be some enforcement issues with the policies in place. 相似文献
99.
100.
Christina M. Gibson‐Davis Katherine Magnuson Lisa A. Gennetian Greg J. Duncan 《Journal of marriage and the family》2005,67(5):1149-1168
This paper uses data from 2 randomized evaluations of welfare‐to‐work programs—the Minnesota Family Investment Program and the National Evaluation of Welfare‐to‐Work Strategies—to estimate the effect of employment on domestic abuse among low‐income single mothers. Unique to our analysis is the application of a 2‐stage least squares method, in which random assignment enables us to control for omitted characteristics that might otherwise confound the association between employment and domestic abuse. We find that increased maternal employment decreases subsequent reports of domestic abuse in both studies. In the Minnesota Family Investment Program—a program with an enhanced income disregard that allowed welfare mothers to keep a portion of their welfare income as earnings rose—an increase in household incomes appears to have contributed to reductions in reports of domestic abuse. 相似文献