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81.
The NMR spectra of olefinic protons in the four representative conjugated fatty acid methyl esters, methylcis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoate, methyltrans-9,trans-11-octadecadienoate, methyl α eleostearate, and methyl β eleostearate, were studied. The chemical shift of each olefinic
proton in these compounds was determined by considering their intramolecular environment. Coupling constants were also obtained
as the results of spectral analysis. 相似文献
82.
Fate of the chlorine and fluorine in a sub-bituminous coal during pyrolysis and gasification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The fate of the chlorine and fluorine present in a sub-bituminous coal from Indonesia during pyrolysis and gasification has been studied with fixed and entrained bed reactors. The rate profile for HCl evolved in the temperature programmed pyrolysis exhibits the main and shoulder peaks at 480 and 600 °C, respectively. Model experiments and subsequent Cl 2p XPS measurements show that HCl reacts with metal impurities and carbon active sites at 500 °C to be retained as inorganic and organic chlorine forms, from which HCl evolves again at elevated temperatures. It is suggested that the HCl observed in the coal pyrolysis may originate from the above-mentioned chlorine functionalities formed by secondary reactions involving the nascent char. In the CO2 gasification of the 900 °C char at 1000 °C and 2.5 MPa, any measurable amounts of HCl and HF could not be detected even at a high conversion of 75 wt% (daf), suggesting the accumulation of these halogens in the residual char. When the coal is injected into an O2-blown, entrained bed gasifier at 1200-1400 °C under 2.6 MPa, the partial oxidation proceeds to a larger extent at a higher O2/coal ratio, whereas the chlorine and fluorine are enriched in the remaining char, and the extent of the enrichment at the latter stage of gasification is larger with the fluorine. The XPS measurements of the chars reveal the presence of the broad F 1 s peak, which can cover a wide range of binding energies attributable to inorganic and organic fluorine. The halogen enrichment during gasification is discussed in terms of secondary reactions of HCl and HF with char. 相似文献
83.
Hydrogel prepared by repetitive freezing and thawing of poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution was chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The chemically crosslinked hydrogel hardly changed its physical appearance, and showed good elasticity and strength as original gel. However, after treating in boiling water, it swelled a little, depending on the condition of the chemical treatment. The melted gel thus obtained showed shape memorizing property, that is, it could firmly hold nearly 200% of strain, keeping its original high elasticity. The strain could be released very quickly (< 1 s) in boiling water, and the gel was suggested to be applied to a new type of gel actuator. X-ray diffraction study revealed that the melted gel does not necessarily reform the physical crosslinks in exactly the same manner as the original gel in the process of shape restoring, but the distribution of the physical crosslinks can be restored as they were. It was suggested that the chemical crosslinks which remember the distribution of the physical crosslinks plays a critical roll in the shape restoring process. 相似文献
84.
R. Usuki T. Suzuki Y. Endo T. Kaneda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1984,61(4):785-788
The quantities of chlorophyll (CHL) A and B, and pheophytin (PHY) A and B in 10 kinds of refined edible oils were estimated
by the fluorometric method. The results revealed that CHL and PHY were present in commercial edible oils. PHY A showed the
highest content at ca. 67% in total pigments. Compositional ratios of CHL and PHY were similar in different kinds of plant
oils. Through the analysis of rapessed oils at every refining step, we determined that PHY is not formed during oil refining.
In the autoxidation of soybean oils to which various amounts of CHL mixtures had been added, the peroxide value of tested
oils increased in proportion to the total chlorophyll content. In addition, the compositional changes of the 4 components
during autoxidation were investigated. 相似文献
85.
Kazuo Yamaura Masayoshi Suzuki Minako Yamamoto Rumi Shimada Tetsuya Tanigami 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1995,58(10):1787-1791
The light transmittance of the gels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/phenol/water solutions was examined for the entire range of phenol/water content. Excellent transparency was found for the gels with phenol contents of 70–95 vol %. In full consideration of the results for the transparency and melting temperature of the gels and the viscosity and gelation ability of solutions, the PVA solutions of 75 vol % phenol content were selected for the gel spinning. The maximum dynamic moduli of drawn filaments at 25°C (room temperature) were 42 GPa (15x) for atactic PVA and 45 GPa (14x) for syndiotacticity-rich PVA. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
86.
Preparation of zinc ferrite in the presence of carbon material and its application to hot-gas cleaning 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In order to develop an efficient absorbent of H2S in coal gasification, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) was prepared in the presence of carbon materials such as activated carbon (AC), activated carbon fiber (ACF), and Yallourn coal (YL). The absorption behavior of absorbents for H2S was examined using a fixed-bed flow type reactor equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer.Carbon material-supported ZnFe2O4 exhibited larger desulfurization capacity for H2S than unsupported ferrites. They could efficiently remove H2S from 4000 ppm levels in a simulated coal gasification gas to less than 1 ppm at 500 °C. The absorption capacity of H2S with ZnFe2O4/AC, ZnFe2O4/ACF, and ZnFe2O4/YL exhibited nearly 100% of stoichiometric amount of loaded metal species. They could be regenerated by an air oxidation in O2-Ar (50 vol%) at 450 °C for 30 min. The regenerated ferrite can be used for repeated absorption of H2S with a very slight decrease in the absorption capacity. 相似文献
87.
K. Sato J. Yano I. Kawada M. Kawano F. Kaneko M. Suzuki 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(9):1153-1159
Molecular properties of polymorphic forms of gondoic acid [cis-C20:1Δ11ω9 (GOA)] have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and
Raman scattering, in comparison to those of six principal unsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid [cis-C18:1Δ9ω9 (OA)], erucic acid [cis-C22:1Δ13ω9 (ERA)], petroselinic acid [cis-C18:1Δ6ω12 (PSA)], asclepic acid [cis-C18:1Δ11ω7 (APA)], palmitoleic acid [cis-C16:1Δ9ω7 (POA)], and elaidic acid [trans-C18:1Δ9ω9 (ELA)]. In addition, phase behavior of binary mixtures of GOA and APA and OA was examined by XRD and DSC. The polymorphic
structures of GOA are quite similar to those of APA, ERA, POA, and partly to OA. In particular, DSC and Raman scattering studies
have shown that gondoic acid exhibits conformational disordering on heating at the ω-chain, a chain segment between the double
bond and CH3 group, as a transition from all-trans (γ form) to gauche-rich (α form) conformations. A miscible mixing phase was observed in the mixture of GOA and APA, yet eutectic phases were
observed in the GOA and OA mixtures. This is a remarkable contrast because the binary mixture systems of varying combinations
of cis-unsaturated fatty acids examined so far exhibited either eutectic nature or molecular compound formation. It is expected
that specific molecular interactions between GOA and APA that originate from the equivalence of the length of the Δ-chain,
the chain segment between the cis-double bond and COOH group, and also from the presence of the γ-α order-disorder transformation would be operating to form
the miscible mixing phase. 相似文献
88.
89.
Single-walled carbon nanotube networks grown on SiO2 pillars were studied by means of scanning photoemission microscopy. The individual nanotubes or nanotube bundles growing from the pillar tops were observed in C 1s images. Band bending near catalytic Fe/nanotube contacts in an end-bonded configuration was studied by measuring C 1s spectra along the tube axes. Within our experimental resolution, no band bending was observed. This implies that the depletion width is less than the spatial resolution of the scanning photoemission microscope (90 nm) or that the amount of the band bending is less than 0.1 eV. 相似文献
90.
Takatoshi Tsujimura Junichi Fukawa Kiyoshi Endoh Yuuji Suzuki Kazuhiko Hirabayashi Takahiro Mori 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2014,22(8):412-418
To come out with a successful organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) lighting business, it is very important to have clear differentiation of OLED from LEDs. Flexible OLED has merits, such as capability to be mounted on the curved wall, which is not easy for LEDs to achieve the feature. There are several approaches to make flexible OLEDs especially among those plastic barrier films that can bring high level of flexibility, which could not be achieved by any conventional lighting method. In this paper, barrier films with various water vapor transmission rate values, including 10? 6 order, are applied, and the conditions to have almost no dark spot growth under 85 °C and 85% high temperature/humidity test are shown. Flexible OLED panels are manufactured with the world's first roll‐to‐roll equipment using plastic barrier film. 相似文献