乡村居民疫水接触时空规律研究

基于农村居民疫水接触的空间行为及作息时间的地理调查,了解乡村居民的血吸虫病疫水接触时空规律,对43个行政村的疫水接触人数、方式、天数、接触季节和时间段进行调查。农村居民疫水接触方式有种田、捕鱼、游泳、抗洪、挖沙、打藜蒿、放牛、养鸭和洗衣服洗菜一共9种方式,接触方式多、时间长,感染血吸虫病危险性较大。     

基于雨流计数变程的疲劳可靠性仿真研究

为评估单个构件在随机载荷作用下的疲劳可靠性,基于应力时间历程的雨流计数变程利用应力-强度干涉理论和Dirlik雨流计数变程的概率密度表达式,假设疲劳极限服从正态分布,得出结构具有无限寿命的可靠度.利用Miner损伤累积理论,假设疲劳寿命服从对数正态分布,考虑Dirlik表达式的参数和损伤累积临界失效值的分散性,假设其服从正态分布,使用Monte-Carlo模拟法获得结构有限寿命下的可靠度.结果显示,虽然应力时间历程的最大范围值大于结构的疲劳极限,但是当其大部分应力小于疲劳极限时,结构仍具有较高的无限寿命可靠度;而有限寿命下的可靠度显示,尽管单个应力时间历程下结构具有较高的无限寿命可靠度,但是经过多次循环后其不发生疲劳失效的可靠度将逐渐降低.     

基于灰色理论的军事配送能力预测

军事配送模式的生命力和可持续性关系到战斗力量的维持和战争态势的稳定发展,精确预测配送模式能力是现代后勤科技战略的发展要求.随着军事物流在战争中所占比重的加大,军事配送能力的发展变化更加受到重视.军事配送模式的可持续性前提在于对其能力参数的预测和决策,灰色理论恰好能够解决预测和决策中所遇到的困境.通过对以往军事配送绩效参数记录,建立灰色预测模型,在残差计算上加以改进,提高了模型精度,对保障部队未来配送能力进行预测;然后对其进行灰色关联度分析,进行决策控制,依据决策结果微调或改进运行模式.灰色理论方法为预测军事配送模式能力提供了新的思路和方法.     

The use of graphene oxide membranes for the softening of hard water

Strong chemical interactions between the oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene oxide (GO) sheets and the ions of divalent metals were exploited for the softening of hard water. GO membranes were prepared and evaluated for their ability to absorb Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. These GO membranes can effectively absorb Ca²⁺ ions from hard water; a 1 mg GO membrane can remove as much as 0.05 mg Ca²⁺ ions. These GO membranes can be regenerated and used repeatedly.     

Prediction of recent bank retreat processes at typical sections in the Jingjiang Reach

The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project(TGP)in2003.Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach,which may influence the stability of the river regime and the effect of existing river training works.Therefore,bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach,and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach.In this study,various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated,based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions.It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach,although other factors,such as bank soil properties,can also influence bank retreat.The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002.The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons.The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002–2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships,with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.     

逆向供应链群体演化的Stackelberg博弈分析

建立具有群体演化特征的逆向供应链斯塔克伯格(Stakelberg)博弈模型,分析逆向供应链上游制造商或回收厂的机会主义行为,指出“幼稚”的下游个体商贩群体面临分拣、未加处理和掺杂3种回收策略,并与“老练”的上游制造商进行价格竞争.仿真分析表明,若制造商或回收厂遵守按质论价的口头协议,则双方演化稳定均衡为帕累托最优;若制造商或回收厂为“机会主义”行为类型,则演化稳定均衡结果取决于个体商贩中采取分拣策略所占比例大小.     

低信噪比下的浅海水声稀疏信道估计

研究了浅海水声稀疏信道的估计方法,并在此基础上提出了一种应用于低信噪比且相邻路径最小时延差小于经典匹配跟踪算法可以分辨情况下的信道估计算法。所提出的信道估计算法基于最小二乘准则,利用浅海水声信道的稀疏特性,同时结合匹配跟踪算法,将信道脉冲响应函数的l1范数作为代价函数,并将其转化为凸优化问题进行求解。仿真实验验证了提出方法的有效性。     

Confocal laser scanning microscope evaluation of early bacterial colonization on zirconium oxide and titanium surfaces: An in vivo study

To investigate the bacterial colonization on zirconium oxide and titanium surfaces in vivo quantitatively using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Ten samples of zirconium oxide ceramic and commercially pure titanium were fabricated and polished using silicon carbide abrasive paper. One sample from each group was evaluated topographic pattern under a scanning electron microscope. One sample from each group was to evaluate roughness using a profilometer. Eight volunteers were selected. The samples were cemented at the buccal surfaces of upper first molars. All samples were removed after 48 hours, immersed in SYTO-9 and propidium iodide fluorescent to stain for adherent bacteria and observed with CLSM. Fewer bacteria were observed in zirconia group than titanium group. However, there was no statistical difference between two groups. The experimental results demonstrate that zirconium oxide may be considered as a promising material for dental implant abutments.     

海绵状生物质基阴离子交换纤维制备与吸附性能研究

以生物质海绵-丝瓜络纤维为原料,以吡啶为催化剂,二甲胺作为引入基团对其进行接枝共聚,制备海绵状生物质基阴离子交换纤维。根据产品对溶液中硝酸根的去除效果,探讨了最佳制备工艺,以及产品投加量、pH值、反应时间等因素对NO3-去除率的影响。结果表明,环氧氯丙烷用量、催化反应温度和催化时间为影响产品吸附性能的主要因素;对于250mg/L的硝酸根溶液,静态吸附1h,投加量为0.1g时,产品对硝酸根离子的吸附量达到112.26mg/g。     

土岩基坑开挖变形相关因素与规律

利用FLAC3D,模拟设计要求和最不利状态情况下某地铁车站深基坑工程开挖。研究得出土岩基坑的变形规律特点,模拟结果同时表明:基坑周边的荷载对土体沉降影响较大,对支护桩侧向位移影响较小,且车辆荷载比堆载影响大;有无支撑对基坑变形影响较大。