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41.
Takahiro Kochi Masahito Shimizu Tomohiko Ohno Atsushi Baba Takafumi Sumi Masaya Kubota Yohei Shirakami Hisashi Tsurumi Takuji Tanaka Hisataka Moriwaki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(7):14700-14711
Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. This study investigated the impact of hypertension, a component of metabolic syndrome, on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis using SHRSP/Izm (SHRSP) non-diabetic/hypertensive rats and SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP-ZF) diabetic/hypertensive rats. Male 6-week-old SHRSP, SHRSP-ZF, and control non-diabetic/normotensive Wister Kyoto/Izm (WKY) rats were given 2 weekly intraperitoneal injections of AOM (20 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks after the last injection of AOM, the SHRSP and SHRSP-ZF rats became hypertensive compared to the control WKY rats. Serum levels of angiotensin-II, the active product of the renin-angiotensin system, were elevated in both SHRSP and SHRSP-ZF rats, but only the SHRSP-ZF rats developed insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperleptinemia and exhibited an increase in adipose tissue. The development of AOM-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions and aberrant crypts foci, was significantly accelerated in both SHRSP and SHRSP-ZF hypertensive rats, compared to WKY normotensive rats. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress and exacerbation of inflammation were observed in the colonic mucosa and systemically in SHRSP and SHRSP-ZF rats. Our findings suggest that hypertension plays a role in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis by inducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which might be associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system. 相似文献
42.
A film of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) consisting of highly oriented α crystals was uniaxially drawn by tensile force. The effects of the draw ratio (DR), draw temperature (Td), and draw stress on the crystal/crystal transformation from the α- to the β-form crystals were studied. At the initial stage of drawing, the highly oriented α crystals of the starting film transformed into a broader orientation distribution, and significant crystal disorder was introduced. Upon further drawing, the α crystals steadily transformed into β crystals with increasing the DR. For the drawing at a constant Td, the crystal transformation proceeded more efficiently at a higher draw rate and, hence, at a higher draw stress. Furthermore, for the drawing at a constant draw rate, the transformation proceeded with DR most efficiently for the tensile draw at a Td around 140 °C, although the draw stress increased with decreasing the Td. The present result combined with the previous finding in the drawing of PLLA by solid-state extrusion [Macromolecules 36 (2003) 3601] suggests that there is a Td of around 140 °C at which the crystal transformation proceeds most efficiently with DR, suggesting that there are two factors that have opposite effects on the efficiency of the crystal transformation with increasing the Td. However, as a result of the combined effects of the Td and DR on the crystal transformation and the ductility increase with the Td, an oriented film consisting predominantly of β crystals was obtained by tensile drawing at a Td in the range of 140-170 °C to the highest DR achieved at each Td. 相似文献
43.
This paper proposes a multiagent approach to decentralized power system restoration for distribution system networks and presents a comparison of centralized and decentralized systems for power system restoration. Numerous studies have been conducted on power system restoration problems. From the viewpoint of system structures, this research can be divided into two categories: centralized systems and decentralized systems. In this study, we solve a power system restoration problem for a power distribution network by two different methods: mathematical programming (MIP) and the proposed multiagent‐based method (MAS). The proposed multiagent system consists of several distributing substation agents (DSAGs) and load agents (LAGs). An LAG corresponds to the customer load, and a DSAG supplies electricity to the LAG. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed system can reach the right solution by making use of only local information and that the solution quality is better than that of the centralized system (MIP). This means that the proposed multiagent restoration system is a promising approach to larger scale distribution networks. 相似文献
44.
ABSTRACTA cognitive map is an internal model of the external world and contains the spatial representation of the surrounding environment. The existence of the cognitive map was first identified in rats; rats can navigate to their desired destination using cognitive maps while dealing with environmental uncertainty. We performed a mobile robot navigation experiment where obstacles were randomly placed using hierarchical recurrent neural network (HRNN) with multiple timescales. The HRNN was trained to navigate the mobile robot to the destination indicated by a snapshot image. After the training, the HRNN was able to successfully avoid the obstacles and navigate to the destination from any location in the environment. Analysis of the internal states of the HRNN showed that the module with fast timescale handles obstacle avoidance and the one with slow timescale has spatial representation corresponding to the spatial position of the destination. Moreover, in the experiment wherein the novel path appeared, the trained HRNN performed shortcut behavior. The shortcut behavior shows that the HRNN performed navigation using the self-organized spatial representation in the slow recurrent neural network. This indicates that training of goal-oriented navigation, i.e. the navigation motivated by a snapshot image of the destination results in the self-organization of cognitive map-like representation. 相似文献
45.
Slider Dynamics over a Discrete Track Medium with Servo Patterns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The dynamic characteristics of a slider flying over various servo patterns on a discrete track medium surface were investigated.
The investigation shows that the air-flow field is disturbed and causes flying amplitude during the transition from grooved
longitudinal discrete tracks to a transversal and near-random pattern in the servo field. The effects of the parameters that
define the servo pattern including land-area ratio of burst patterns, groove depth, servo-pattern frequency, and the lengths
of synchronization (sync), servo address mark (SAM), padding (PAD) blocks, and burst pattern type—on the flying height responses
were evaluated. The evaluation results indicate that the flying height amplitude depends on servo-pattern frequency, burst
land-area ratio, groove depth, and the lengths of the sync, SAM, and PAD block and burst pattern type. Amplitude of a slider
flying over a servo pattern therefore can be reduced by optimizing the servo-pattern design from the viewpoint of these parameters.
Moreover, flying-height responses over servo patterns with thermal flying height control (TFC) power were studied and compared
with those without TFC power. 相似文献
46.
Shigetaka Okano Kazunori Matsushita Masahito Mochizuki Masao Toyoda Tomoyuki Ueyama 《Welding International》2013,27(4):289-300
It is well known that weld residual stress and distortion should be controlled appropriately for structural integrity. Recently, it has become much more necessary to control weld distortion to highly improve manufacturing efficiency. Various studies on control of weld distortion had been conducted based on clarification of influential dominant factors for that. The influential dominant factors had been studied from a viewpoint of temperature distribution in plate thickness section. Without considering moving the weld heat source, the temperature distribution is controlled by weld heat input (Qnet) per weld length. Angular distortion, which is controlled by temperature distribution along the direction of plate thickness (h), is controlled by heat input parameter (Qnet/h2). However, it has recently become known that the conventional results cannot be applied to all welding processes because such processes are becoming more diversified. It is significant for more accurate control of angular distortion to investigate once again the relationship between the heat input parameter and angular distortion. In this study, a series of experiments on the relationship between heat input parameter and angular distortion are carried out. The effects of welding current and welding speed are investigated individually in both TIG and MAG welding. The difference between these welding methods is also investigated. Based on the result, the effects of them are discussed in relation to temperature distribution during welding. It is considered that angular distortion is affected by temperature distribution not only in plate thickness section but also along welding direction. So, angular distortion is not always controlled by only the conventional heat input parameter because the heat input parameter is proposed as the influential dominant factor for temperature distribution in plate thickness section. It is concluded that generation characteristics of inherent strain should be considered in relation to three-dimensional temperature distributions during welding for more accurate control of angular distortion. 相似文献
47.
Yuki Kotani Shigetaka Okano Shinji Kobayashi Tadahisa Tsuyama Masahito Mochizuki 《Welding International》2016,30(11):826-834
Reduction or control of angular distortion without additional processes is demanded because it takes a lot of time and effort to correct the angular distortion of fillet-welded T-joints. In this study, the reduction or control of angular distortion of both sides of a fillet-welded T-joint by welding with trailing reverse-side gas heating was investigated through a welding experiment and its numerical simulation. First, the effect of gas heating position and intensity on the reduction in angular distortion was experimentally investigated using a gas burner. The results showed that angular distortion became smallest when reverse-side heating using the gas burner was located 50 mm backward of the welding torch. Also, the concentrated gas flame with increased propane and oxygen gas flow was effective for reducing angular distortion. It was clarified that the angular distortion could be controlled completely with an appropriate reverse-side gas heating condition. Next, the numerical simulation model of welding and gas heating was constructed based on comparison with the measured temperature histories and angular distortion. Through the numerical simulation of welding with a trailing reverse-side gas, more detailed understanding of the effect of gas heating condition on reduction in angular distortion was developed. In addition, it was confirmed that the gas heating position for the smallest angular distortion is dependent on the temperature distribution along the thickness of the flange plate. 相似文献
48.
Takanori Furuta Ichiro Nakagawa Shohei Yokoyama Yudai Morisaki Yasuhiko Saito Hiroyuki Nakase 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)
Mitochondrial membrane potential regulation through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is reportedly involved in the ischemic postconditioning (PostC) phenomenon. Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that regulates circadian rhythms. Its neuroprotective effects via mitochondrial melatonin receptors (MTs) have recently attracted attention. However, details of the neuroprotective mechanisms associated with PostC have not been clarified. Using hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from C57BL mice, we studied the involvement of MTs and the mPTP in melatonin-induced PostC mechanisms similar to those of ischemic PostC. We measured changes in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents after ischemic challenge, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Melatonin significantly suppressed increases in sEPSCs and intracellular calcium concentrations. The NMDAR currents were significantly suppressed by melatonin and the MT agonist, ramelteon. However, this suppressive effect was abolished by the mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporine A, and the MT antagonist, luzindole. Furthermore, both melatonin and ramelteon potentiated depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potentials, and luzindole suppressed depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potentials. This study suggests that melatonin-induced PostC via MTs suppressed the NMDAR that was induced by partial depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential by opening the mPTP, reducing excessive release of glutamate and inducing neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. 相似文献
49.
Koshi Takenaka Miku Sato Masaya Mitamura Yasunori Yokoyama Naoyuki Katayama Yoshihiko Okamoto 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(4):2757-2763
We used spray-dry method to synthesize fine powder of β-Cu1.8Zn0.2V2O7 showing large negative thermal expansion (NTE) linearly to temperature over a wide temperature range. The NTE of β-Cu1.8Zn0.2V2O7 is produced by microstructures consisting of voids and anisotropic thermal deformation of crystal grains in ceramics. By reducing the size of the microstructures that produce NTE, large NTE equivalent to that of bulk was realized, even for ceramic particles of about 2 μm size. Comparison with particles produced using a conventional method demonstrates that the particle size distribution is narrow and that the particles are nearly spherical. This achievement is expected to pave the way to use of NTE materials in micrometer-scale control of thermal expansion. 相似文献
50.
Yu Huang Zhiguo Wang Linshan Wang Yuesheng Chao Takuya Akiyama Tomoya Yokoyama 《木材化学与工艺学杂志》2016,36(1):56-62
In our previous studies on the relationships between lignin structure and hemicellulose composition in a wide range of hardwood species, we showed that the higher the syringyl ratio, the higher the xylan/mannan ratio. In this study, the relationship of the syringyl ratio and xylan/mannan ratio was further studied using fractions obtained by stepwise extraction of finely milled beech wood by use of aqueous dioxane and subsequent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/LiCl solvents with increasing LiCl concentration. Each soluble fraction obtained with a different LiCl concentration was compared with the corresponding insoluble residue, and it was shown that both the syringyl ratio and xylan/mannan ratio were always higher in the insoluble fraction. To analyze polysaccharides closely located with lignin, milled wood lignin (MWL), and cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) obtained by enzyme treatment after DMSO/LiCl swelling were investigated. Although the xylan/mannan ratio of MWL was higher, that of CEL with more than 80% lignin yield was lower. 相似文献