An encapsulated helical one-dimensional cobalt iodide nanostructure

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as templates for the growth of low-dimensional inorganic materials whose structures and properties often differ greatly from those of the bulk. Here we describe the detailed crystallography of an entire helical one-dimensional cobalt diiodide nanostructure encapsulated within a SWNT. This material has an unprecedented twisted double tetrahedral chain structure arising from a rotation of Co(2)I(4) units along its length. The complete nanostructure comprises two distinct regions with oppositely handed helices separated by a short disordered region. The encapsulating SWNT shows a commensurate ovoid distortion reflecting an unexpectedly strong interaction between the nanostructure and the SWNT.     

Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: The predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL-SV, and the HCR-20.

Accurate predictions of future reconviction, including those for violent crimes, have been shown to be greatly aided by the use of formal risk assessment instruments. However, it is unclear as to whether these instruments would also be predictive in a sample of offenders with intellectual disabilities. In this study, the authors have shown that the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (V. L. Quinsey, G. T. Harris, M. E. Rice, & C. Cormier, 1998); the Psychopathy Checklist--Screening Version (S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995); and the History, Clinical, Risk Management--20 (C. D. Webster, K. S. Douglas, D. Eaves, & S. D. Hart, 1997) were all significant predictors of violent and general reconviction in this sample, and in many cases, their efficacy was greater than in a control sample of mentally disordered offenders without an intellectual disability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mass spectrometry imaging for the proteomic study of clinical tissue

Over the last decade, MALDI-MS imaging has been used by researchers to explore areas of proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics in samples of clinical origin for both targeted and global biomarker analysis. Numerous technological advancements in MS and clinical tissue MS imaging have been accomplished; hence, in this article we aim to critically discuss whether MS imaging has now in fact become a true champion of the ‘Omics Era’. In order to assess the potential for it to be routinely used in the clinical setting, it is pertinent to discuss some of its limitations, and to examine how these have been addressed by researchers. The key limitations of the technique we will discuss in this viewpoint article are as follows: sample throughput; relevance to patients, the availability of validated/standardised techniques; and integration with conventional pathology and other medical imaging techniques. Good progress has been made over the last 5 years in overcoming these limitations that had previously restricted the use of this technology in the clinical setting.     

Laminar flow through unconsolidated packed beds of spherical and non-spherical material

This paper presents a revised form of the Kozeny equation for laminar fluid flow through packed beds in terms of particle shape factor and surface mean diameter, rather than specific surface. The equation is based upon a model of pore formation which takes into account the interlocking of irregular particles. It is concluded that for comparative purposes the ‘effective’ specific surface is a quantity which can be derived exactly from permeability and porosity measurement. The effective specific surface affords a ready means of control in comparing one packing with another, provided that a standard, conventional method is adopted for the assessment of surface mean diameter.     

Anionic functional initiators. 1: 3-dimethylaminopropyllithium as an initiator for the synthesis of Bi- and difunctional polybutadienes

Methods are described whereby a series of novel bi- and difunctional (telechelic) high 1,4-microstructure polybutadienes are prepared by use of an anionic functional initiator. This initiator, 3-dimethylaminopropyllithium, has been extensively investigated and methods for its preparation and use in non-polar solvents are described. When utilised in such non-polar solvents the polybutadienes produced are uniquely functionalised, possessing a high 1,4-structure and a low glass transition temperature. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that these reactions are true ‘living’ polymerisations and that quantitative functional termination reactions may be used to yield a wide range of multi-, bi- or difunctional polymers.     

Assessing the sustainability of the UK society using thermodynamic concepts: Part 1

This paper provides a concise overview of the influence of human activity within the UK society on resource consumption and the subsequent effects on the environment. The concept of the Multi Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal Metabolism (MSIASM) is applied in order to elucidate the evolution of the UK economy for the period between 1981 and 2004. Our findings highlight the transition to a service-based economy and the disproportionate increase of energy demand when compared to the overall population increase. Emergy synthesis is applied in order to understand the production and consumption patterns and the environmental support required to sustain human activity within the UK for the year 2004. Generally speaking the UK society greatly benefits from its significant natural resources with 44.3% of the total emergy used coming from home sources and 29.1% from locally renewable sources. Interestingly enough, despite its significant natural resources, the UK economy, seems to be a net emergy importer by 638.5 × 10²¹ seJ. Furthermore, the current economic activity is believed to have a significant impact in the environment despite the relatively low environmental load ratio of 2.44.     

The Frustration of Talent: A Study in Scarlet

Many organisations are under pressure as they face strong buyers’ markets. This paper presents the findings of a research project designed to discover why talent is so often frustrated by mediocre management and what might be done about it. ICI and Marks & Spencer were selected as the setting, as both are well‐respected corporations and are facing stiff business challenges. The paper explores the locking hold that cultures can exert on operational management. It opens with a profile of each organisation before passing the consultancy brief to an imaginary business detective, Sherlock Holmes. By means of various devices the famous detective applies his powers to the case and the paper closes with a summary of his findings.