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101.
Associations (dimer or aggregate) of anthracene (An) fluorophores tend to interrupt the monomer emission and reduce the quantum yield (ΦPL); therefore, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chain was used in this study to chemically link to anthracene and to block the mutual associations among the anthracene fluorophores. With this aim, the target polymers were prepared by anionic polymerizations with 9,10‐dibromoanthracene/s‐butyllithium as initiating system to proceed polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) directly or in the presence of 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE). Use of DPE before addition of MMA produces stable initiating anionic species and avoids potential side reactions during polymerization; however, it also introduces four β‐phenylene rings around the central anthracene ring, which interfere with the corresponding emission pattern and reduce the ΦPL (32%) value due to potential interactions between phenylene rings and anthracene. On the contrast, polymerization without participation of DPE results in polymer with central anthracene ring directly connected to two PMMA chains, which gives clean vibronic emission pattern with limited association emissions and enhanced ΦPL (52%) value. Physical blending of anthracene by PMMA is less efficient to restrain the associations and results in a film of lower ΦPL (20%). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
102.
Scaffold‐guided tissue engineering based on synthetic and natural occurring polymers has gained many interests in recent year. In this study, the development of a chitosan‐heparin artificial extracellular matrix (AECM) is reported. Three‐dimensional, macroporous composite AECMs composed of heparin (Hep) and chitosan (Chito) were prepared by an interpolyelectrolyte complex/lyophilization method. The Chito‐Hep composite AECMs were, respectively, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, as well as cocrosslinked with N,N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethyl carbodiimide (EDC/NHS) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The crosslinking reactions were examined by FT‐IR analysis. In physiological buffer solution (PBS), the EDC/NHS‐crosslinked Chito‐Hep composite AECM showed a relative lower water retention ratio than its glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked counterparts. The EDC/NHS‐crosslinked Chito‐Hep composite AECMs showed excellent biocompatibility, according to the results of the in vitro cytotoxic test. This result suggested that the EDC/NHS‐crosslinked Chito‐Hep composite AECMs might be a potential biomaterial for scaffold‐guided tissue engineering applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
103.
Alpass Fiona; Flett Ross; Humphries Steve; Massey Claire; Morriss Stuart; Long Nigel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,11(3):270
Previous studies have identified a number of different farm stressors and have reported gender and age differences in levels of stress. This study aimed to determine stress experienced by New Zealand dairy farmers, particularly in relation to adoption of new technology and its relationship to age and gender. Measures of farm stress and adoption of technology were completed by 985 dairy farmers. The highest levels of stress were reported for time pressures, machinery breakdown, weather, and government policies. Stress related to new technologies occurred rarely. Women reported more stress and higher levels of stress for understanding new technologies. There was also an increase in severity of stress with age related to new technologies. Overall, stress levels were moderate and may reflect favorable economic conditions. The findings suggest a need to tailor stress interventions to meet specific needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
104.
时移地震非一致性影响研究与互均衡效果验证 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用地震子波对时移地震非一致性造成影响进行了模拟。将影响因素概括为4种形式,即时移、相位变化、振幅量级不一致,频宽不一致。采用互均衡技术对以上4种情况进行校正,达到了理想的效果。为实际资料的处理和方法研究奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
105.
106.
This research used a weight-of-evidence approach to evaluate sources of contaminants in a drinking water watershed that serves as part of the City of Boston's water supply. The approach incorporated land use analysis using GIS, sanitary surveys, traditional water quality monitoring and microbial source tracking (MST) tools. Case-study tributaries were selected based on elevated faecal coliform counts. Land use analysis and sanitary surveys were used to identify suspected microbial sources, including residential septic systems, agricultural animal operations, commercial/industrial operations and wildlife activity. Sampling sites were selected to hydrologically isolate potential contamination sources. Samples were collected seasonally over 1 year and analysed for traditional and MST parameters. Results demonstrated that both septic systems and a horse stable were contributing microbial loads in the first tributary. In the second tributary, septic systems from the townhouses were contributing microbial loads while a plant nursery was contributing organic matter. This evidence was used to evaluate best management practices to mitigate the contamination. 相似文献
107.
李海龙 《消防技术与产品信息》2007,(10):31-32,90
根据地下公共娱乐场所的结构特点和火灾特点,结合某地下娱乐场所的防排烟设计,探讨如何进行防排烟设计。 相似文献
108.
109.
不平坦的三角洲前缘席状砂--来自露头和地下的证据 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
延长剖面发育的三叠系延长统三角洲前缘席状砂.平面上呈席状,垂向上表现为砂泥岩互层,剖面上可见不同规模的水下分流河道砂岩透镜体。大庆油田三角洲前缘席状砂解剖发现.即使在外前缘相带.席状砂仍然具明显的水道特征。由于湖盆三角洲受波浪和潮汐的作用较小,受河漉作用较强,分流河道向前延伸直至三角洲的前端,貌似平坦的席状砂前缘实际上分布着大大小小的分流河道,河道的迁移就形成了由多个宽厚比极大的对称或不对称的透镜状单元叠加而成的三角洲前缘席状砂。三角洲前缘席状砂的建筑结构分析表明,貌似平坦简单的席状砂实际上是一个复杂的非均质体.储层物性的非均质变化受砂体建筑结构的控制具有明显的层次性规律。 相似文献
110.