Hydrogen embrittlement of steels: I. Analysis of the process kinetics using acoustic emission measurements

A technique is presented for studying the process of delayed hydrogen embrittlement of steels by acoustic emission (AE) during galvanic hydrogen saturation of a metal. Examples of estimating the hydrogen embrittlement resistances of steels with various strengths are estimated from AE measurements.     

Hydrogen embrittlement of steels: IV. Delayed fracture during bending

The delayed fracture resistance of 35KhGM and 33KhM1F steels during hydrogen embrittlement has been studied. The results of a comparative analysis of the mechanical behavior of the materials during four-point bending and uniaxial extension analyzed using acoustic emission measurements and fractography demonstrate differences between the fracture mechanisms and kinetics of the steels.     

Efficient current reuse for low-power transceivers

Current boosting is a method where the performance of an active circuit block is optimized by placing a constant current source in parallel with the active signal path to provide optimal biasing for different components. In this paper, a technique to replace the constant dc current source with active building blocks typically required in transceivers is proposed. By using this method the total current consumption of the transceiver can be efficiently reduced without modifying its performance. A design example where the proposed technique reduces the receiver current consumption by 45% is given.     

Foundations of program management: A bibliometric view

Are programs just scale-ups of projects, or do they represent something unique? Recent articles stress the difference of project and program management, but do neither show consensus nor precise definitions of program management. Our comparative bibliometric study of 517 program articles and 1164 project articles published in the last 21 years in leading scientific business journals identifies similarities and differences in theoretical foundations, indicated by the sources cited, and themes, indicated by the keywords. We show that programs have several theoretical bases, such as organizational theories, strategy, product development, manufacturing and change. Programs take an open system view and seek change in permanent organizations. Projects, in turn, have product development as the dominant theory basis. We elaborate eleven distinctive characteristics of program and project management research. Our study proposes themes upon which future theories and empirical studies of programs can be established.     

Specifics of the Surface of Tire Crumb Regenerate Produced by the Explosive Circulation Method

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - A complex analysis of the crumbed rubber produced by the explosive circulation method has been performed by the methods of AFM, X-ray...     

Stress corrosion cracking of zirconium cladding tubes: II. Mechanisms and kinetics

The mechanisms and kinetics of corrosion fracture of thin-wall cladding tubes of zirconium alloys in a methanol-iodine medium are determined by a direct comparison of the acoustic emission parameters with the characteristics of accumulated corrosion defects in a material during stress corrosion cracking tests. The main types of corrosion defects (nucleation, development, interaction) are revealed and quantitatively described. A general sequence of nucleation and development of corrosion defects is established for all types of tubes.     

Surface stresses in plastically deformed steels by X-ray diffraction

Surface stresses in samples of wheel steel with different degree of plastic deformation are studied. Both surface stresses and the microstructure of the steel are changed in the dependence on the plastic deformation magnitude. The X-ray technique is shown can be used to study a change in the surface stresses due to development a plastic deformation under action of operating loads.