Synthese von Heterocyclen mit Hydroxymethylenketonen. XIV [1]. Zur Regioselektivität der Reaktion von Acetylacetaldehyd mit Tryptamin

Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds with Hydroxymethylene Ketones. XIV. Contribution to the Regioselectivity of the Reaction of Acetoacetaldehyde with Tryptamine The range of substitution products of tryptamine with acetoacetaldehyde as substituent at the basic or the indole nitrogen ( 2, 3 ) is completed by a product containing the substituent in the indole α-position ( 5 ). It is formed by ring opening of the tetrahydro-β-carboline 4 . The reaction conditions are commented and the ¹H-NMR spectra comparatively discussed. The synthesis of the azocino-indole 7 is described.     

Synthesis and stereochemistry of bis(dithiacrown ether) and dodecylthio substituted (E)-thiodesaurines

Reductive dimerization of dodecylthio substituted 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones 6a–b and trithion-dithiacrown ethers 10a–c with triethyl phosphite furnished bis- and tetrakis (dodecylthio), and bis(dithiacrown ether) substituted thiodesaurines (E)- 11a–b and (E)- 12a–c . The stereochemistry of bis(dithia[15]crown-5)-thiodesaurine (E)- 12b has been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

InAs quantum dot photonic crystal lasers and their temperature dependence

We report on the demonstration of optically pumped photonic crystal lasers with InAs quantum dot active regions operating at room temperature near 1310 nm. Absorbed threshold pump powers as low as 25 /spl mu/W are observed. We also extract a characteristic temperature of 17 K, which is attributed to limitations caused by surface recombination.     

Electrophoretic deposition for fabrication of ceramic microparts

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is mostly used for producing moulds and layers. The present work shows the fabrication of ceramic microparts by the use of structured electrodes. As electrode structures euro coins and spinning nozzles were used. Additionally a cost effective and simple method was developed, which allows preserving the original master mould by using microstructured silicone moulds as substrate. This was enabled by coating the silicone moulds with graphite to obtain an electrically conductive surface, required for electrophoretic deposition.     

Oxidation Kinetics of an Amorphous Silicon Carbonitride Ceramic

The oxidation kinetics of amorphous silicon carbonitride (SiCN) was measured at 1350°C in ambient air. Two types of specimens were studied: one in the form of thin disks, the other as a powder. Both specimens contained open nanoscale porosity. The disk specimens exhibited weight gain that saturated exponentially with time, analogous to the oxidation behavior of reaction-bonded Si₃N₄. The saturation value of the weight gain increased linearly with specimen volume, suggesting the nanoscale pore surfaces oxidized uniformly throughout the specimen. This interpretation was confirmed by high-resolution electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Experiments with the powders (having a particle size much larger than the scale of the nanopores) were also consistent with measurements of the disks. However, the powder specimens, having a high surface-to-volume ratio, continued to show measurable weight gain due to oxidation of the exterior surface. The wide range of values for the surface-to-volume ratio, which included all specimens, permitted a separation of the rate of oxidation of the free surface and the oxidation of the internal surfaces of the nanopores. Surface oxidation data were used to obtain the rate constant for parabolic growth of the oxidation scale. The values for the rate constant obtained for SiCN lay at the lower end of the spectrum of oxidation rates reported in the literature for several Si₃N₄ and SiC materials. Convergence in the behavior of SiCN and CVD-SiC is ascribed to the purity of both materials. Conversely, it is proposed that the high rates of oxidation of sintered polycrystalline silicon carbides and nitrides, as well as the high degree of variability of these rates, might be related to the impurities introduced by the sintering aids.     

Depletion of Grain-Boundary Phase and Elastic Creep Deformation Upon Ultra-Long Flexural Stress Rupture Experiments of NC-132 Silicon Nitride

A unique grain-boundary structure evolution was observed in two MgO-doped silicon nitride specimens (Norton, NC-132) that were tested in ultra-long flexure stress rupture experiments with an applied stress of 266 MPa and fractured at 14 941 and 17 376 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed that, although the starting material had a secondary glass phase both at multi-grain junctions and along grain boundaries, the tested specimens contained no residual glass phase. Concurrent with the elimination of the secondary glass phase, a continuous network of cracked grain boundaries was observed after long-term flexure testing consistent with the concept of elastic creep. It is, therefore, concluded that at ultra-long annealing times, this material is affected by creep deformation via microcrack nucleation and growth due to the depletion of the amorphous siliceous grain-boundary phase, which is seen as a truly transient, fugitive secondary phase.     

Formale Sicherheitsanalyse von Online-Banking-Protokollen

Für die Verifikation kryptographischer Protokolle hat sich die von Burrows, Abadi und Needham 1989 entwickelte BAN-Logik bew?hrt [1]. Der Beitrag unterzieht die Online-Banking-Protokolle mit iTAN und Token einer solchen semi-formalen Analyse mit BAN-Logik — und kommt zu interessanten Ergebnissen.