Computer-based automated test measurement system for determiningmagnetization characteristics of switched reluctance motors

This paper describes a fully automated method of measuring the magnetization characteristics (flux linkage versus current and position) of switched-reluctance (SR) motors. The measuring scheme was developed using a graphical programming environment (LabVIEW), a data acquisition card, and external interface hardware. The graphical programming method allows a high degree of software modularity and provides the features needed fur sensor zero adjustment, data acquisition and analysis, and automated presentation of results. Furthermore, the experimental setup described in this paper can be used to obtain the magnetization characteristics of other electromechanical devices. Experimentally measured results from a test SR motor using the scheme are presented in the paper     

The meeting of hydrogen and automotive: A review

In this study, an overview has been presented a classification of the vehicles using hydrogen with different ways. The using of hydrogen in vehicles has been categorized into two main categories as designs in which hydrogen is burned and energy is generated by conversion to electricity. The designs of internal combustion vehicles with using hydrogen via burning, the designs of the fuel cell vehicles that using hydrogen by converting into electricity and their hybrid versions have been introduced. In the automotive industry, the structure and future advantages of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have been handled in a separate title. Onboard storage, safety, the capital cost and operating cost of the different design of vehicles have been analyzed rigorously.     

Correction to: Multi-material Additive Manufacturing by 3D Plasma Metal Deposition for Graded Structures of Super Duplex Alloy 1.4410 and the Austenitic Corrosion Resistant Alloy 1.4404

JOM - Gökhan Ertugrul’s name was misspelled on the original publication of this article. It appears correctly here.     

HIPed TiO2 dense pellets with improved photocatalytic performance

The effects of heating method and temperature on physical, structural and photocatalytic behaviors of TiO₂ pellets prepared by conventional heating and hot isostatic pressing have been evaluated. The pellets of submicron TiO₂ powders were heated to 600, 650, 700, 750 and 1000 °C using both processing methods in order to compare anatase to rutile phase transformation and densification behaviors. Bulk densities and porosities were calculated using the Archimedes method. XRD analysis were performed to calculate anatase/rutile ratios. Microstructures were characterized using SEM. Photocatalytic experiments have been performed under full spectrum irradiation. Degraded methylene blue samples were periodically monitored through UV–vis spectrophotometer to determine degradation kinetics. Anatase to rutile transformation is slightly faster and densification is better for lower temperatures for conventional heating, however HIPing gives better densification above 750 °C as it also retards rutile transformation. Mixed phase structures and HIPed samples showed the best photocatalytic performance which makes this method advantageous.     

Robot selection using a fuzzy regression-based decision-making approach

Industrial robots, which enable manufacturing firms to produce high-quality products in a cost-effective manner, are important components of advanced manufacturing technologies. The performance of industrial robots is determined by multiple and conflicting criteria that have to be simultaneously considered in a robust selection study. In this study, a decision model based on fuzzy linear regression is presented for industrial robot selection. Fuzzy linear regression provides an alternative approach to statistical regression for modelling situations where the relationships are vague or the data set cannot satisfy the assumptions of statistical regression. The results obtained by employing fuzzy linear regression are compared with those of earlier studies applying different analytical methods to a previously reported robot selection problem.     

Oxidative polymerization of 4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase

Schiff base derivate 4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol (4-PPMP) monomer was synthesized by condensation reaction and the chemical structure of the monomer has been characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR spectroscopies. 4-PPMP readily dissolves in 1,4-dioxane, THF, DMF, diethyl ether, chloroform and DMSO. Its solubility in methanol and ethanol is much lower. Enzymatic oxidative polymerization of azobenzene derivate 4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as catalyst and oxidizing agent was carried out in various solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, N,N-DMF, and 1,4-dioxane) and phosphate buffers (pH 6, 6.8, 7, and 7.2) at room temperature. Studies have shown that a black polymer having a melting point of 290 °C was successfully produced in good yields by utilizing aqueous 1,4-dioxane as the solvent at pH 6. Poly(4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol) P(4-PPMP) shows good solubility in 1,4-dioxane, DMF and DMSO but it is only sparingly soluble in chloroform, THF, methanol and ethanol. P-(4-PPMP) is insoluble in diethyl ether. Characterization of P-(4-PPMP) was carried out via UV–vis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, elemental analysis and SEC measurements. The number-average molecular weight (M_n), weight-average molecular weight (M_w) and polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymer were determined to be 7970.4, 8146.2 and 1.02 g mol^?1, respectively. FT-IR and ¹H NMR studies confirmed the presence of phenylene and oxyphenylene units with in the polymer backbone. The optical band gaps (E_g) of 4-PPMP and P-(4-PPMP) were calculated as 3.69 and 3.36 eV, respectively.     

Siliconcarbide Embedded Hybrid Nanocomposites as Abrasion Resistant Coating

Siliconcarbide (SiC) ceramic powder incorporated inorganic–organic nanocomposites were prepared by sol–gel spin coating method. Coating properties and abrasion resistance of the hybrid polymers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Mechanical tests like surface static corrosion analysis, abrasion test, scratch-tape test, adhesion test, chemical and solvent resistance, surface hardness were performed in order to evaluate the coatings for possible industrial applications. Prepared polymers were applied onto the aluminium substrates. Results revealed that industrially available SiC ceramic powder incorporated inorganic–organic nanocomposites can be prepared with an easy and controlled way using sol–gel method and applied onto the aluminium surfaces by spin coating without using primer solution and shows excellent abrasion resistance.     

Silicon carbide particle reinforced mullite composite foams

Silicon carbide particle reinforced mullite composite foams were produced by the polymer replica method using alumina and kaolin to form in situ mullite matrix. Up to 20 wt.% silicon carbide particles (SiCp) were added to aqueous ceramic slurry to explore its effect on the rheological behaviour of ceramic slurries and also properties of as sintered products. By means of solid loading optimisation and sintering enhancement by silicon carbide, mullite based ceramic composite foams of higher strength were obtained. The strength of the as sintered foams was found to depend greatly on the phase composition, relative density of the structures and the amount of SiCp addition. By studying the effect of the additive concentration, on the mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix, it is found that the optimal silicon carbide addition is 20 wt.%.     

A novel hash function based fragile watermarking method for image integrity

In recent years, tampering and altering of digital images have become easier with the rapid development of computer technologies such as digital image editing tools. Therefore, verification of image integrity and tamper detection of digital images have become a great challenge. Fragile watermarking is the most widely used method for protecting the integrity and content authenticity of the image. In this paper, by using SHA-256 hash function, a novel block based fragile watermark embedding and tamper detection method is proposed. In watermark embedding phase, host image is divided into 32?×?32 non-overlapped blocks. Each 32?×?32 block is then divided into four 16?×?16 nonoverlapped sub-blocks. The entire hash value of the first three sub-blocks is generated as a watermark using SHA-256 hash function. The generated 256-bit binary watermark is embedded into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the fourth sub-block and watermarked image is obtained. In tamper detection phase, the detection of tampered block has been performed by comparing the hash value obtained from the three sub-blocks with the extracted watermark from the fourth sub-block of the watermarked image. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by applying linear and nonlinear attacks to the different regions of the watermarked images. Experimental results show that the proposed method detects all the tampered regions of the attacked images and high visual quality of watermarked images has been obtained.

     

A new algorithm for sensorless operation of permanent magnet motors

In this paper, the authors propose and investigate a new algorithm for shaft position sensorless operation of permanent magnet motors, based on flux linkage and line current estimation. Measured line current and terminal voltage are used to estimate the flux linkage of the motor. The algorithm has a two current-loop structure, with the outer loop used to correct the position, and the inner loop utilised to correct the estimated flux linkage. The theoretical basis of the algorithm and individual definition of the system blocks is explained. Dependencies on motor parameters and measurement errors are discussed to show the effectiveness of the method using real data. As well as giving a detailed explanation of the new algorithm, the paper presents a wide range of computed and experimental results, demonstrating the reliability of the method even during acceleration of the motor from rest