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41.
42.
Trends in Hydrological Parameters of a Southern Brazilian Watershed and its Relation to Human Induced Changes 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Moraes Jorge M. Pellegrino Giampaolo Q. Ballester Maria V. Martinelli Luiz A. Victoria Reynaldo L. Krusche Alex V. 《Water Resources Management》1998,12(4):295-311
The Piracicaba river basin is a subtropical watershed located in the southeastern region of Brazil. With an area of 12 400 km2, the basin is a typical example of new landscape resulting from development in tropical and sub-tropical regions: establishment of intensive industrial and agricultural processes were followed by significant population growth and water management. This scenario has led to significant increase in water demand and decrease in water quality. The main objective of this study is the detection of changes in the patterns of flow and precipitation in the basin, and its possible relation to man-induced changes. Statistical analyses were performed on records of precipitation, evapotranspiration and streamflow, from 1947 to 1991. Precipitation and evapotranspiration totals showed significant increasing trends for the entire basin. From eight streamflow gauge stations, half showed significant decreasing trend. The most probable cause of such trends is the export of water from the basin to the metropolitan region of São Paulo city. 相似文献
43.
44.
从传统意义上来讲,针织物及对张力敏感的梭织物的湿处理生产线(包括漂白、染色、柒色后水洗)通常是利用染缸来完成的,而这正是高水耗、高蒸汽消耗和高能源消耗的症结所在,同时带来一些质量问题(如折痕、起毛球和刮印等)。随着现代连续式平幅湿处理线技术的发展,整体生产成本可以下降到最多这50%。介绍了德国欧宝泰克生产的敏感织物连续式平幅湿处理线设备。 相似文献
45.
J H J Hulskotte H A C Denier van der Gon A J H Visschedijk M Schaap 《Water science and technology》2007,56(1):223-231
In this article we show that brake wear from road traffic vehicles is an important source of atmospheric (particulate) copper concentrations in Europe. Consequently, brake wear also contributes significantly to deposition fluxes of copper to surface waters. We estimated the copper emission due to brake wear to be 2.4 kiloton per year. For comparison, the official database for Europe (without brake wear) totals 2.6 kiloton per year. In Western Europe the brake wear emissions dominate the total emission of copper. Using the spatially resolved emission data, copper distributions over Europe were calculated with the LOTOS-EUROS model. Without brake wear the model underestimates observed copper concentrations by a factor of 3, which is in accordance with other studies. Including the brake wear emissions largely removes the bias. We find that 75% of the atmospheric copper input in the North Sea may be due to brake wear. We estimate that about 25% of the total copper input in the Dutch part of the North Sea stems from brake wear. Although the estimated brake wear copper emission is associated with a large uncertainty, it significantly improves our understanding of the copper cycle in the environment. 相似文献
46.
Healing substrates with mobile, particle-filled microcapsules: designing a 'repair and go' system. 下载免费PDF全文
Rolf Verberg Alex T Dale Prashant Kumar Alexander Alexeev Anna C Balazs 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2007,4(13):349-557
We model the rolling motion of a fluid-driven, particle-filled microcapsule along a heterogeneous, adhesive substrate to determine how the release of the encapsulated nanoparticles can be harnessed to repair damage on the underlying surface. We integrate the lattice Boltzmann model for hydrodynamics and the lattice spring model for the micromechanics of elastic solids to capture the interactions between the elastic shell of the microcapsule and the surrounding fluids. A Brownian dynamics model is used to simulate the release of nanoparticles from the capsule and their diffusion into the surrounding solution. We focus on a substrate that contains a damaged region (e.g. a crack or eroded surface coating), which prevents the otherwise mobile capsule from rolling along the surface. We isolate conditions where nanoparticles released from the arrested capsule can repair the damage and thereby enable the capsules to again move along the substrate. Through these studies, we establish guidelines for designing particle-filled microcapsules that perform a 'repair and go' function and thus, can be utilized to repair damage in microchannels and microfluidic devices. 相似文献
47.
With increasing globalization, communication across language and cultural boundaries is becoming an essential requirement
of doing business, delivering education, and providing public services. Due to the considerable cost of human translation
services, only a small fraction of text documents and an even smaller percentage of spoken encounters, such as international
meetings and conferences, are translated, with most resorting to the use of a common language (e.g. English) or not taking
place at all. Technology may provide a potentially revolutionary way out if real-time, domain-independent, simultaneous speech
translation can be realized. In this paper, we present a simultaneous speech translation system based on statistical recognition
and translation technology. We discuss the technology, various system improvements and propose mechanisms for user-friendly
delivery of the result. Over extensive component and end-to-end system evaluations and comparisons with human translation
performance, we conclude that machines can already deliver comprehensible simultaneous translation output. Moreover, while
machine performance is affected by recognition errors (and thus can be improved), human performance is limited by the cognitive
challenge of performing the task in real time. 相似文献
48.
Claude Robert Concepción S. Wilson Jean-François Gaudy Charles-Daniel Arreto 《Scientometrics》2007,73(2):231-256
During the 1974–2004 period, the sleep literature had quadrupled (2384 publications in 1974, and 9721 in 2004) while overall
scientific productivity had only doubled. The set of the seven most productive countries (USA, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany,
France, Canada and Italy) in sleep research, and the geographical region distribution remained stable over the three decades.
On the other hand several indicators appeared in the sleep research literature during the 1990s: the increasing productivity
of sleep researchers; the growing number of countries publishing on sleep; the continuous creation of sleep-focused journals;
the scattering of sleep publication among increasingly more scientific journals; the turnover among the leading journals;
and the emergence of new entities such as China, Turkey, and the European Union. 相似文献
49.
We study the topological rigidity of affine semigroups of algebraic actions. In the first part of the paper we given an algebraic condition for rigidity that unifies previous rigidity results and we settle an old question of Walters. In the second part we study a generalized notion of the rigidity of hyperbolic actions. 相似文献
50.
The behavior of an ultrasonic shot peening process is observed and analyzed by using a model of inelastic hard spheres in a gravitational field that are fluidized by a vibrating bottom wall (sonotrode) in a cylindrical chamber. A marked heterogeneous distribution of impacts appears when the collision between the shot and the side wall becomes inelastic with constant dissipation. This effect is one order of magnitude larger than the simple heterogeneity arising from boundary collision on the cylinder. Variable restitution coefficients bring the simulation closer to the general observation and allow the investigation of peening regimes with changing shot density. We compute within this model other physical quantities (impact velocities, impact angle, temperature and density profile) that are influenced by the number N of spheres. 相似文献