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Lilian HF Hoonhout Martine C de Bruijne Cordula Wagner Marieke Zegers Roelof Waaijman Peter Spreeuwenberg Henk Asscheman Gerrit van der Wal Maurits W van Tulder 《BMC health services research》2009,9(1):27
Background
Up to now, costs attributable to adverse events (AEs) and preventable AEs in the Netherlands were unknown. We assessed the total direct medical costs associated with AEs and preventable AEs in Dutch hospitals to gain insight in opportunities for cost savings. 相似文献23.
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The impact of antihypertensive drug groups on urinary albumin excretion in a non-diabetic population 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Monster TB Janssen WM de Jong PE de Jong-van den Berg LT;PREVEND Study Group 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》2002,53(1):31-36
AIMS: Microalbuminuria (30-300 mg 24 h-1) is recognized to be independently associated with renal and cardiovascular risk. Antihypertensives may lower microalbuminuria. We questioned whether the use of different antihypertensive drug classes in general practice influences microalbuminuria as related to blood pressure in nondiabetic subjects. METHODS: To study this, we used the data from 6836 subjects of an on-going population based study, focused on the meaning of microalbuminuria (PREVEND). Odds ratios, adjusted for age, sex, blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking and the use of other antihypertensive or cardiovascular drugs, were calculated to determine the association of drug groups with microalbuminuria. Influence of antihypertensives on the relation between blood pressure and (log) urinary albumin excretion was determined by comparing linear regression lines. RESULTS: Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with the use of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (odds ratio: 1.76 [1.22-2.54]), but not with other antihypertensive drug groups. The linear regression line of the relation between blood pressure and (log) urinary albumin excretion was significantly steeper (P = 0.0047) for users of calcium channel blockers, but not for other antihypertensives, compared with subjects using no antihypertensive. Users of a combination of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and diuretics however, had a less steep regression line (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a disadvantageous effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on microalbuminuria compared with other antihypertensive drug groups. Thus, if microalbuminuria is causally related to an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, dihydropyridines do not seem to be agents of choice to lower blood pressure. Furthermore, the combination of renin-angiotensin system inhibition and diuretics seems to act synergistically. 相似文献
25.
Apoptotic neutrophils in the circulation of patients with glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and growth retardation, and associated-for unknown reasons- with neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction. In 5 GSD1b patients in whom nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase activity and chemotaxis were defective, we found that the majority of circulating granulocytes bound Annexin-V. The neutrophils showed signs of apoptosis with increased caspase activity, condensed nuclei, and perinuclear clustering of mitochondria to which the proapoptotic Bcl-2 member Bax had translocated already. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) addition to in vitro cultures did not rescue the GSD1b neutrophils from apoptosis as occurs with G-CSF-treated control neutrophils. Moreover, the 2 GSD1b patients on G-CSF treatment did not show significantly lower levels of apoptotic neutrophils in the bloodstream. Current understanding of neutrophil apoptosis and the accompanying functional demise suggests that GSD1b granulocytes are dysfunctional because they are apoptotic. 相似文献
26.
Taco W. Kuijpers 《European journal of pediatrics》2002,161(1):S75-S82
Neutrophilic granulocytes form the major type of leukocytes with counts ranging from about 1500–5000 cells/μl of blood under
normal conditions. Neutrophils protect our body against bacterial and fungal infections. For this purpose, these cells are
equipped with a machinery to sense the site of an infection and, upon local extravasation, rapidly move towards the site with
invading micro-organisms, to ingest and kill them. As will be described, for proper functioning of this line of defence, a
number of prerequisites have to be fulfilled. The quantitative defects are diagnosed more often and easier than the mere qualitative
phagocytic defects. Nonetheless, functional defects may accompany neutropenia. These functional defects are seen in severe
congenital neutropenia of which the gene defect has recently been elucidated, as well as in the more complex and syndromal
forms of neutropenia such as Shwachman syndrome or the metabolic disease glycogen storage disease type 1b (non-a). The background
of functional neutrophil defects is briefly reviewed.
Published online: 13 September 2002 相似文献
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Cannabinoid modulation of the reinforcing and motivational properties of heroin and heroin-associated cues in rats 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
De Vries TJ Homberg JR Binnekade R Raasø H Schoffelmeer AN 《Psychopharmacology》2003,168(1-2):164-169
Rationale Recently, we provided evidence for a cannabinoid mechanism in relapse to cocaine seeking in rats. There is also increasing
evidence for functional cross-talk between cannabinoid and opioid systems in several physiological processes.
Objectives This study was designed to evaluate whether the cannabinoid system plays a role in mediating the reinforcing and motivational
effects of heroin and heroin-paired stimuli.
Methods Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer heroin (50 μg/kg per infusion) on fixed (FR5) or progressive ratio schedules
of reinforcement in the presence of a discriminative and discrete heroin-associated cue. The selective cannabinoid CB1 antagonist
SR141716A was given 30 min before the session to determine its effect on responding for heroin. Separate groups of rats were
subjected to extinction training during which heroin-associated cues were absent and no heroin was delivered. During subsequent
reinstatement tests, the effects of the cannabinoid agonist HU210 and the antagonist SR141716A on reinstatement of heroin
seeking were evaluated.
Results The cannabinoid antagonist dose-dependently reduced responding for heroin on the FR5 schedule and to a greater extent on the
progressive ratio schedule. HU210 (20 μg/kg) reinstated heroin seeking behaviour following a 2-week extinction period, whereas
SR141716A dose-dependently attenuated heroin seeking that was provoked by a priming injection of heroin (0.25 mg/kg) and heroin
seeking that was triggered by re-exposure to heroin paired stimuli.
Conclusions The results show that the reinforcing and motivational effects of heroin and heroin-paired stimuli are mediated, at least
in part, by activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Therefore, the present study provides a rationale for the use of cannabinoid
antagonists in the treatment of opiate addiction. 相似文献
29.
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Michel Paul Johan Teuben Roy Spijkerman Taco Johan Blokhuis Roman Pfeifer Henrik Teuber Hans-Christoph Pape Luke Petrus Hendrikus Leenen 《Patient safety in surgery》2018,12(1):32