延安不同菊芋品种比较试验研究

筛选出适宜延安种植的菊芋品种,解决延安菊芋品种单一的问题,促进延安菊芋产业化发展。对引进的6个菊芋品种和1个当地品种进行田间比较试验,调查各品种田间的生育期、农艺性状和经济性状。试验结果表明,‘廊芋1号’和‘廊芋2号’2个品种的综合性状表现较好,其产量分别为57378.68、56228.10 kg/hm²,较对照增产分别为5.11%、3.00%。其余品种表现一般,产量均低于对照品种,需继续试种观察。 ‘廊芋1号’和‘廊芋2号’较适合在延安种植,可进行示范推广。     

基于一带一路视角下营口地区现代物流业发展对策研究

随着我国"一带一路"战略的进一步实施,营口作为国家物流枢纽建设城市,必然对其物流业发展提出更高的要求,同时也会带来了新的机遇。在深入分析营口地区物流发展现状与问题的基础上,提出了营口地区现代物流业发展相关对策与建议。     

不同降雨年型旱地冬小麦水分利用及产量对施氮量的响应

[目的]降雨和施氮是影响渭北旱塬冬小麦生产的主要因素,降雨年际变幅大对其影响更大,因此小麦增产效应受降雨年型显著影响.分析不同降雨年型下施氮量对旱地麦田水分利用、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响,能够为实现渭北旱地冬小麦因雨施氮和稳产优质提供理论依据.[方法]于2017—2020年连续3年在陕西合阳县开展田间定位施氮试验...     

藤本月季花瓣形态结构和色素含量相关性分析

[目的]探讨月季花色与花瓣结构及色素含量的相关性及变化规律.[方法]以藤本月季'安吉拉'为试验材料,将花瓣发育过程分为6个时期,英国皇家园艺协会比色卡测定不同时期花瓣颜色,分光测色仪测量其花色度,徒手切片法、石蜡切片法及扫描电镜法研究花瓣发育过程中形态结构的变化,结合花色苷、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量的测定,研究月季花色与花瓣结构及色素含量的相关性及变化规律.[结果]藤本月季'安吉拉'花瓣不同发育时期花瓣结构及色素含量不同,小蕾期花瓣呈黄绿色,类黄酮、叶绿素和类胡萝 卜素含量最高,上表皮细胞和下表皮细胞排列紧密,.无明显色素分布,上表皮细胞向外成圆形凸起,下表皮细胞无突起;初开期花瓣深粉色,花色苷含量最高,上表皮、下表皮有较深的色素积累,上表皮细胞向外凸起伸长呈乳突状,下表皮向外形成网状突起,并布满褶皱;凋花期花瓣淡粉色,类黄酮、类胡萝 卜素和叶绿素含量最低,花瓣厚度变薄,上表皮、下表皮色素分布均不明显,上表皮细胞萎蔫、细胞体积变小,下表皮的网状突起的高度降低、褶皱减少甚至消失.花瓣黄绿程度与类黄酮、类胡萝 卜素和叶绿素类含量呈显著正相关,花瓣红色程度与表皮细胞数目和花色苷含量呈显著正相关.[结论]藤本月季'安吉拉'花瓣发育过程中花瓣上表皮细胞和下表皮细胞形态、数目变化,色素种类,色素含量和色素分布均与花色变化相关.     

淮北地区氮肥群体最高生产力水稻钾素吸收利用特征

以淮北地区有代表性的34个中熟中粳品种为试材,设置7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm~(–2)),得出各品种的最高产量,将该最高产量定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。在此基础上,明确处于顶层水平(≥10.50 t hm~(–2))、高层水平(9.75~10.50 t hm~(–2))、中层水平(9.00~9.75 t hm~(–2))和底层水平(≤9.00 t hm~(–2))水稻品种的钾素积累、分配及转运特征。结果表明,4个生产力等级水稻品种地上部植株、茎鞘和叶片的含钾率在拔节期最高;抽穗期顶层水平品种的这3个参数高于其他3个等级的品种;穗部含钾率差异不显著。随着氮肥群体生产力等级的提高,钾素总积累量增多;拔节前底层水平钾素积累量最多,两年平均为120.56 kg hm~(–2),比例占50.56%,顶层水平为最少,两年平均为108.02 kg hm~(–2),比例占35.99%;拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期顶层水平钾素阶段积累量及比例显著高于其他3个等级。移栽至拔节期,钾素积累速率为中层底层高层顶层水平,拔节后则为顶层高层中层底层水平。叶片的钾素转运量及转运率明显高于茎鞘;顶层水平叶片的钾素转运量高于其他3个等级,高层水平叶片的转运率最高;穗部增加量随生产力等级的递增而变大;抽穗到成熟期,茎鞘、叶片对穗的钾素转运贡献率表现为底层最高,中层次之,顶层最低。4个等级水稻品种籽粒生产率和百千克籽粒吸钾量差异不显著;钾素偏生产力和钾收获指数均表现为顶层高层中层底层水平。总之,氮肥群体最高生产力越高,水稻中后期植株钾素积累量及器官对钾素的吸收利用效率越显著。抽穗后保持较高的钾素吸收利用及转运效率是高产水稻品种的重要特征。     

Genetics and molecular mapping of the naked grains in hexaploid oat

Avena sativa L. subsp. nudisativa has the ability to produce naked grains. Genetic studies on the naked trait of oat began over a century ago, but the genetic and molecular factors associated with the expression of this trait have not been fully clarified. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the naked trait in two oat populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), to determine the number of genes, to estimate the heritability, and to map genomic regions associated with the naked trait in hexaploid oat. Parental lines and RILs of each population were screened for the naked trait from plants grown in the field over a 2 year period. Based on the phenotypic data, the oat RILs were classed as naked, partially naked, partially hulled and hulled. In both populations and years, a great number of RILs showed variable expressivity for the naked trait. The genetic analysis indicated the action of a major gene (N1) with the action of modifying genes controlling the formation of naked grains. The results of the estimate of heritability show that environmental conditions do not have a great influence in determining the naked trait. The quantitative trait loci analysis detected a genomic region with a large effect on the naked trait that explained more than 50% of the phenotypic variation. Further studies are needed to validate the use of these molecular markers to assist breeding programs to select high quality and stable naked oat cultivars.     

Resistance screening of breeding lines and commercial tomato cultivars for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne incognita</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">M. javanica</Emphasis> populations (Nematoda) from Ethiopia

Soil and root samples were collected from major tomato growing areas of Ethiopia during the 2012/2013 growing season to identify root-knot nematode problems. DNA-based and isozyme techniques revealed that Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica were the predominant Meloidogyne species across the sampled areas. The aggressiveness of different populations of these species was assessed on tomato cultivars Marmande and Moneymaker. The two most aggressive populations of each species were selected and further tested on 33 tomato genotypes. The resistance screening and mechanism of resistance was performed after inoculation with 100 freshly hatched (<24 h) second-stage juveniles (J2). Eight weeks after inoculation the number of egg masses produced on each cultivar was assessed. For the resistance mechanism study, J2 penetration and their subsequent development inside the tomato roots were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation. On both cultivars Marmande and Moneymaker all M. incognita and M. javanica populations formed a high number of egg masses indicating highly aggressive behaviour. Populations from ‘Jittu’ and ‘Babile’ for M. incognita and ‘Jittu’ and ‘Koka’ for M. javanica were selected as most aggressive. None of the 33 tomato genotypes were immune for these M. incognita and M. javanica populations. However, several tomato genotypes were found to have a significant effect on the number of egg masses produced indicating possible resistance. For M. javanica populations there were more plants from cultivars or breeding lines on which no egg masses were found compared to M. incognita populations. The lowest number of egg masses for both populations of M. incognita was produced on cultivars Bridget40, Galilea, and Irma while for M. javanica it was on Assila, Eden, Galilea, Tisey, CLN-2366A, CLN-2366B and CLN-2366C. Tomato genotypes, time (weeks after inoculation) and their interaction were significant sources of variation for J2 penetration and their subsequent development inside the tomato roots. Differential penetration was found in breeding lines such as CLN-2366A, CLN-2366B and CLN-2366C, but many of the selected tomato genotypes resistance for the tested M. incognita and M. javanica populations were expressed by delayed nematode development. Therefore, developing a simple screening technique to be used by local farmers or extension workers is crucial to facilitate selection of a suitable cultivar.     

Characterization of common bean wild populations for their in situ conservation in Northwestern Argentina

In situ conservation of wild species is a method of conservation that allows keeping populations in their natural environments, and set the strategies for maintaining the natural populations. The Active Bank of Northwestern Argentina (BANOA) is in charge of the in situ conservation of wild populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Northwestern Argentina (NOA), and has an ex situ collection of 401 landraces and 221 wild accessions from the NOA. We evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 68 common bean wild populations from the NOA both in protected and unprotected areas, finding a moderate variation among them. Ten phenotypic reproductive characteristics related to pod and seed displayed significant differences in the analysis of variance; these traits together with the seed weight were the basis for the multivariate analysis. The cluster analysis ordered the populations in 12 groups but trends in geographical distribution or phenotypical variation were not recognized. For the conservation in situ of the wild bean populations, their diversity should be considered. Two types of populations can be highlighted: (i) candidates for in situ conservation in order to preserve the novel variation generated by convergence with cultivated sympatric germplasm (populations 433, 437, 471, 509, 513 and 517) and (ii) those whose phenotype represents clearly the wild status and should be preserved in situ as such in their current status (populations 480, 495, 496, 525 and 533).     

QTL mapping and analysis of epistatic interactions for grain yield and yield-related traits in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum turgidum</Emphasis> L. var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">durum</Emphasis>

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of grain yield and yield-related traits was performed on 93 durum wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross UC1113 × Kofa. The mapping population and parental lines were analyzed considering 19 traits assessed in different Argentine environments, namely grain yield, heading date, flowering time, plant height, biomass per plant, and spikelet number per ear, among others. A total of 224 QTL with logarithm of odds ratio (LOD) ≥ 3 and 47 additional QTL with LOD > 2.0 were detected. These QTL were clustered in 35 regions with overlapping QTL, and 12 genomic regions were associated with only one phenotypic trait. The regions with the highest number of multi-trait and stable QTL were 3BS.1, 3BS.2, 2BS.1, 1BL.1, 3AL.1, 1AS, and 4AL.3. The effects of epistatic QTL and QTL × environment interactions were also analyzed. QTL putatively located at major gene loci (Rht, Vrn, Eps, and Ppd) as well as additional major/minor QTL involved in the complex genetic basis of yield-related traits expressed in Argentine environments were identified. Interestingly, the 3AL.1 region was found to increase yield without altering grain quality or crop phenology.