Efficient Hybrid Linear Massive MIMO Detector Using Gauss–Seidel And Successive Over-Relaxation

The initial solution of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) detector for uplink (UL) is greatly influence the balance between the bit error rate (BER) performance and the computational complexity. Although the maximum likelihood (ML) detector obtains the best BER performance, it has an extremely high computational complexity. Iterative linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector based on the Gauss–Seidel (GS), the successive over-relaxation (SOR), and the Jacobi (JA), obtains a good performance-complexity profile when the base station (BS)-to-user-antenna-ratio (BUAR) is large. However, when the BUAR is small, the system suffers from a considerable performance loss. In this paper, a hybrid detector based on the joint GS and SOR methods is proposed where the initial solution is determined by the first iteration of GS method. Numerical results show a considerable complexity reduction and performance enhancement using the proposed GS-SOR method over all methods when the BUAR is small.

     

On the speedup required for a multicast parallel packet switch

A parallel packet switch (PPS) is a switch in which the memories run slower than the line rate. Arriving packets are load-balanced packet-by-packet over multiple lower speed center stage packet switches. It is known that, for unicast traffic, a PPS can precisely emulate a FCFS output-queued (OQ) switch with a speedup of two and an OQ switch with delay guarantees with a speedup of three. In this paper we ask: is it possible for a PPS to emulate the behavior of an OQ multicast switch? The main result is that for multicast traffic an N-port PPS can precisely emulate a FIFO OQ switch with a speedup of S>2√N+1, and a switch that provides delay guarantees with a speedup of S>2√(2N)+2     

Traditional Kerala style fish curry in indigenous retort pouch

Fish curry processed in metal cans is popular in the overseas markets. An important limitation with the use of metal cans is the undesirable taste imparted to the products on storage. Flexible pouches are an ideal alternative to metal cans. Extensive work carried out at Central Institute of Fisheries Technology has been able to identify indigenous pouches, which are as good as imported pouches. This has been done after collecting different types of indigenous and imported flexible pouches, analyzing their composition and conducting detailed studies on their physical and food contact application properties. Two indigenous pouches with composition 12 micron polyester/12 micron aluminium foil/87.5 micron cast polypropylene and 12 micron polyester/15 micron aluminium foil/70 micron cast polypropylene have been selected and got made by indigenous laminators and an imported one with configuration 12 micron polyester/15 micron aluminium foil/75 micron cast polypropylene were used for further experiment on processing fish curry. Traditional Kerala style mackerel fish curry was processed in the retort pouches of the above configurations. About 220 g fish curry was packed in each pouch (15.5 cm×7 cm). Process requirements were worked out by measuring heat penetration using thermocouples introduced into the pouches. Fish curry processed to a F₀ value of 8.43 gave an acceptable product with desired texture and sensory characteristics. The physical properties of the pouches studied showed that the indigenous pouches of the above configurations were good enough to give a shelf life of 1 year at room temperature. The curry remained sterile throughout the storage period at ambient temperature (25–30°C) and retained acceptable sensory characteristics.     

Role of molecular interactions and structural defects in the efficient fluorescence quenching by carbon nanotubes

Fluorescence quenching effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on three most common fluorophores fluorescein, rhodamine 6G and quinine sulphate has been studied and compared. Comparative studies of quenching efficiency shows that SWCNTs are more efficient fluorescence quencher than the MWCNTs. Nature of Stern–Volmer plot was found to be highly non-linear indicating combined effect of dynamic and static quenching. The contribution of dynamic quenching component was assessed through the fluorescence lifetime measurements. Studies on vacuum annealed SWCNTs with low defect contents suggest that structural defects primarily contribute to the large quenching. Fluorescence quenching was found to be dominant even in the cases where adsorption was low implying that surface adsorption play a minor role in the quenching, except for rhodamine 6G. Adsorption isotherms have been studied using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Freundlich model was found to be closer in behaviour implying a multilayer adsorption of molecules on the surface. The contributions of metal nanoparticles and carbon impurities present in different allotropic forms to the fluorescence quenching were also assessed. We speculate that defect mediated nonradiative energy transfer through dipole–dipole coupling may be the dominant mechanism of high efficiency quenching by SWCNTs.     

Thermal behavior and detonation properties of d3-hexanitrotrishomocubane

The DSC thermogram of the title compound (1) reveals the following characteristics: When a 3.34 mg sample of 1 was heated at 10°C-min^?1, exotherm onset occurred at 272°C, reached a maximum at 308°C, and subsided at 331°C. A second smaller exotherm was initiated at 331°C, reached a maximum at 338°C, and subsided at 355°C. A study of the shock sensitivity of 1 as measured by the exploding foil slapper technique revealed that 1 is less shock-sensitive than TNT. Explosive output calculations show that it is a substantially more powerful explosive than is TNT.     

Anomalies in hepatobiliary excretion of technetium-99m-MAG3 preparations

Technetium-99m-MAG3 is accepted as a renal tubular function agent. However, sporadic liver and gall bladder visualisation during its clinical use is clearly a disadvantage. HPLC-purified 99mTc-MAG3 samples exhibited appreciable hepatobiliary uptake (7%), and an elevated level of such uptake was observed in unpurified kit preparations, which was stated to be associated with the excretory property of the radiolabeled kit impurities. To verify this we attempted to quantitate the hepatobiliary uptake of the kit preparations with that of its radiolabeled components. The contribution of each component toward hepatobiliary uptake of the sample was calculated from their abundance in the chelate mixture and the individual biodistribution of the isolated components. However, the anticipated hepatobiliary uptake of different preparations of 99mTc-MAG3 calculated in this way was always lower than that of the experimental value determined directly. Further work is needed to explain the anomaly.     

Continuous purification of porcine lipase by rotating annular size-exclusion chromatography

Non-accidental head injury, be it shaking, impact(s) or a combination of the two, is characterised by subdural and/or subarachnoid haemorrhages with retinal haemorrhages, but minimal or absent external cranio-facial trauma. The classical assault scenario depicts the infant being gripped around the head, face, chest and abdomen and shaken or being gripped by a limb and swung. This gripping might be expected to leave physical evidence in the form of bruising. A study was undertaken to establish the prevalence, distribution and pathological association of external bruising in 24 cases of fatal non-accidental head injury in children. At autopsy, 17 cases had new external bruises, 15 old external bruises and 13, a combination of both. However, seven (29%) cases showed no fresh external bruising and five (21%) showed no external bruising at all. Thus, external bruising may be absent in children with fatal intracranial injury. The face was shown to be the commonest site of bruising followed by the forehead and buttocks. Limb, chest and abdominal bruising were found to be uncommon. Retinal haemorrhages were confirmed in 23 (96%) cases. It is hypothesised that bruising, when present, may be a result of abuse in the form of punches and slaps rather than due to gripping during the assault. We discuss why gripping does not necessarily result in external bruising.     

Deposition of poly(diphenylamine‐co‐o‐chloroaniline) by pulse potentiostatic method: Growth equation and characterization

Electrochemical copolymerization of diphenylamine (DPA) with o‐chloroaniline (OCA) was performed in aqueous 4M sulfuric acid using the pulse potentiostatic method (PPSM). By employing the tunable parameters in PPSM, polymeric films were deposited under different conditions. Cyclic voltammetry was used for evaluating the characteristics of the deposited polymeric films. A suitable growth equation for the deposition of polymer, relating the charge associated for the film deposition and the pulse parameters in PPSM, was deduced. Various surface parameters are evaluated. The formation of copolymer during PPSM deposition was revealed through critical analysis of the results. The characteristic differences between the individual homopolymers, poly(diphenylamine) and poly(o‐chloroaniline) and the copolymer, poly(diphenylamine‐co‐o‐chloroaniline), were brought out. The copolymer was also synthesized through a chemical method and characterized through infrared and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopic analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 389–397, 2003