Assessment model of dam operation risk based on monitoring data

Although the dams produce remarkable social and economic benefits, the threat made by unsafe dams to the life and property of people who live in the lower river area is un-negligible. Based on the monitoring data which reflect the safety condition of dams, the risk degree concept is proposed and the analysis system and model for evaluating risk degree (rate) are established in this paper by combining the reliability theory and field monitoring data. The analysis method for risk degree is presented based on Bayesian approach. A five-grade risk degree system for dam operation risk and corresponding risk degree is put forward according to the safety condition of dams. The operation risks of four cascade dams on some river are analyzed by the model and approach presented here and the result is adopted by the owner.     

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺对铌微合金化高强度钢组织和性能的影响

首先建立薄板坯连铸连轧工艺的试验室模拟技术，并运用该模拟技术，研究薄板坯连铸连轧工艺(CSP)和传统板坯再加热工艺(TRP)两种工艺对铌微合金化高强度钢的显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：CSP钢的晶粒细化效果不如TRP钢，两者的平均铁素体晶粒尺寸分别为8．17μm和6．30μm。在CSP试验钢板中铌的析出量较大，特别是在铁素体中细小颗粒的铌的析出物较多，沉淀强化效果较强。CSP试验钢的σ0.5和σb分别较TRP工艺低约40MPa和约25MPa，同时其低温冲击韧性较好，FATT温度较低。     

Formation and retention of local melted films in AZ91 friction stir spot welds

The formation of local melted films during friction stir spot welding of as-cast AZ91D and thixomolded AZ91 material is investigated. The average temperatures close to the tip of the rotating pin vary from 438 to 454 °C during the dwell period in friction stir spot welding. These measured temperature values are higher than the melting temperature of α-Mg + Mg₁₇Al₁₂ eutectic (437 °C). It is suggested that the temperature in the stir zone during the dwell period is determined by the relative proportions of α-Mg and (α-Mg + Mg₁₇Al₁₂) eutectic material, which are incorporated during friction stir spot welding. Based on the stir zone temperature measurements and a detailed examination of material located at the root of the pin thread it is suggested that material is moved downwards via the pin thread and into the stir zone during the dwell period in friction stir spot welding. Evidence of local melted film formation is observed in the stir zone of AZ91 spot welds. It is suggested that melted films are retained since their dissolution rate is much slower in the high temperature stir zone than it is when melted films is formed in the stir zone during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding. The spontaneous melting temperature, solute diffusion rate and the thermodynamic driving force for droplet dissolution are much higher during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding.     

合成2,4-二叔丁基苯酚工业试验

以离子交换树脂为催化剂，苯酚和甲基叔丁基醚为原料合成2，4-二叔丁基苯酚(简称2，4酚)，合成产物经过滤再经间歇真空精馏精制提纯，得到高纯度的2，4酚成品。成品精馏后釜中残液在酸性白土催化剂的作用下通过歧化反应生成对叔丁基苯酚，再经精馏提纯得到成品对叔丁基苯酚。通过工艺优化，使2，4酚、对叔丁基苯酚形成联产生产工艺，降低了生产原料消耗和成本。     

An alternative method to compute the component fractions in the geometrical optical model: visual computing method

A method called visual computing was used to solve angular four-components' proportions and directional vegetation cover fraction for discrete canopies and continuous row-planted plants. It proved effective to predict the angular characteristics on pixel scale. The method could be an alternative way to a classical solution of geometrical optical models. A visual computing method would be effective especially when the canopies' spatial distribution and shapes were irregular and could not be described statistically.     

脉冲电镀最佳参数之探索和优化

本文利用正交实验法对脉冲电镀各控制参数进行试验,对影响分散能力、镀层可靠性及外观质量的各种因素进行探讨,寻找影响外观质量的显著因子并加以控制,同时进一步优化脉冲电镀的工艺参数。     

低发射率材料红外法向发射率谱测量方法的研究

采用热管技术研制了材料发射率谱的专用测量附件;利用双温测量技术,在P-E983型红外分光光度计及3600型数据站上进行了较低温度下低发射率材料红外法向发射率谱测量方法的研究.实测了几种材料的发射率谱;讨论了影响测量误差的诸因素.     

管内含蜡原油降温过程中的放热问题

利用两种管段和两种原油，进行了降温过程自然对流放热参数的测试和研究。采用滞流点确定降温第二阶段中凝油边界的移动，区分管内的对流区与导热区。由实验数据回归得到适用于含蜡原油降温过程的自然对流放热准则方程式。用该方程式计算的自然对流放热系数值比按无限空间自然对流准则方程式计算值小20％～50％。     

离体肾脏保存实验研究

本文讨论离体肾脏生存机理研究的意义和方法，研制,成功的一种携带式快速和精确控制保存环境温度的脉动灌流型人工生命维持系统，采用微处理器进行实时数据采集，处理和非线性多模式采样控制，用以维持设定的环境参数和维持最佳生存条件，本文是采用猪肾为实验材料，进行多例离体猪肾的保存实验，研究有关环境参数和保养液成分对保存效果的影响，取得良好结果，实验性猪同种异体移植亦已获得初成成功。