Diffuse optical tomography with spectral constraints and wavelength optimization

We present an algorithm that explicitly utilizes the wavelength dependence of tissue optical properties for diffuse optical tomography. We have previously shown that the method gives superior separation of absorption and scattering. Here the technique is described and tested in detail, and optimum wavelength sets for a broad range of chromophore combinations are discovered and analyzed.     

NaOH impregnated sepiolite based heterogeneous catalyst and its utilization for the production of biodiesel from canola oil

NaOH/sepiolite nanocomposite heterogenous base catalyst (NaOH/sep.) was prepared via impregnation process and tested in a three-neck flask equipped with thermometer and reflux condenser for the production of biodiesel from transesterification of canola oil in an excess amount of methanol. The ratio of NaOH and sepiolite was selected as 1:4. The influence of various operational parameters was examined such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and reaction temperature. Untreated sepiolite and NaOH loaded sepiolite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Overall NaOH/sep. based biodiesel production yield was examined by the help of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The yield was calculated from the peak areas as 80.93% which is better than that of expensive catalysis system using studies.     

Wıreless Communıcatıons Beyond 5 g: Teraherzwaves,Nano-Communıcatıons and the Internet of Bıo-Nano-Thıngs

Two promising technologies cosidered for the Beyond 5G networks are the terahertz and nano-technologies. Besides other possible application areas they hold the commitment to numerous new nano-scale solutions in the biomedical field. Nano-technology, as the name implies, examines the construction and design of nano-sized materials. These two interconnected emerging technologies have the potential to find application in quite many areas, one of the most importan being healthcare. This overview paper discusses the specifics of these technologies, their most important characteristics and introduces some of the trends for their application in the healthcare sector. In the first section terahertz frequency radio waves and their specific properties depending on the surrounding environment are discussed, followed by an introduction to nano-scale communications. Terahertz waves mandate the use of nano-scale antennas, which in turn brings us to the concept of nano-scale nodes. Nano-scale nodes are units that can perform the most basic functions of nano-machines and inter-nano-machine communications, which allow distributed nano-machines to perform more complex functions. Beyond 5G the development of these nano-communications is expected to lead to the emergence of new complex network systems. In the second part of this paper the paradigms of the Internet of Nano Things, molecular commnications and the Internet of Bio-Nano Things are discussed followed by details on their integration in healthcare related applications. The main goal of the article is to provide an introduction to these intriguing issues discussing advanced nano-technology enablers for Beyond 5G networks such as terahertz and molecular communications, nano-communications between nano-machines and the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things in light of health related applications.

     

Form-Stabilized Polyethylene Glycol/Palygorskite Composite Phase Change Material: Thermal Energy Storage Properties,Cycling Stability,and Thermal Durability

In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a phase change material (PCM) was incorporated with palygorskite (Pal) clay to develop a novel form-stable composite PCM (F-SCPCM). The Pal/PEG(40 wt%) composite was defined as F-SCPCM and characterized using SEM/EDS, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. The DSC results revealed that the F-SCPCM has a melting temperature of 32.5°C and latent heat capacity of 64.3 J/g for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Thermal cycling test showed that the F-SCPCM had good cycling thermal/chemical stability after 500 cycles. The TGA data proved that that both cycled and non-cycled F-SCPCMs had considerable high thermal durability. Consequently, the created F-SCPCM could be considered as an additive material for production of green construction components with TES capability. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:909–916, 2020. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers     

National-scale implementation of mandatory freshwater farm plans: a mechanism to deliver water quality improvement in productive catchments in New Zealand?

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Reducing agriculturally derived diffuse contaminant losses (via non-point sources) from land to water has proven difficult for decades. Owing to the diversity...     

Solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on Ti-doped Ga2O3/Si p–n heterojunction

A solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on Ti-doped Ga₂O₃/Si p–n heterojunction is demonstrated for the first time. It is found that the heterojunction quality forming between Ga₂O₃ and Si becomes better after Ti incorporation in Ga₂O₃. The current–voltage and temporal response measurements show that the detector based on Ti-doped Ga₂O₃/Si p–n heterojunction has a responsivity of 0.382 A/W and a fast rise time of 73 ms as well, which are much better than those undoped Ga₂O₃/Si p–n heterojunction analogues.

     

Neutronic study on the effect of first wall material thickness on tritium production and material damage in a fusion reactor

In this study, the effects of changing first wall materials and their thicknesses on a reactor were investigated to determine the displacement per atom（DPA） and gas production（helium and hydrogen） in the first wall, as well as the tritium breeding ratio（TBR） in the coolant and tritium breeding zones. Therefore, the modeling of the magnetic fusion reactor was determined based on the blanket parameters of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）. Stainless steel（SS 316 LNIG）, Oxi...