Unrecognized diversity in New Guinean crayfish species (Decapoda,Parastacidae): The evidence from molecular data

The phylogenetic relationships among imported ornamental crayfish belonging to the genus Cherax were inferred from a combined dataset of 3 mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S and 12S) and by comparison with available GenBank sequences of 14 Cherax species. Furthermore, the concordance of previously described species obtained from a wholesaler (Cherax boesemani, C. holthuisi and C. peknyi) with available GenBank sequences was verified based on COI with special respect to comparison with sequences assigned as Cherax species. Recently described species C. gherardiae, C. pulcher and C. subterigneus belong to the northern group of Cherax species. Comparison and analysis with other GenBank COI sequences show previously unreported diversity of New Guinean species, suggesting 5 putative new species. Surprisingly, species assigned to the subgenus Astaconephrops do not form a monophyletic clade; this subgenus should be reappraised relative to the purported typical morphological characteristic of the uncalcified patch on male chelae. Increasing importation of crayfish underscores the importance of accurate species identification. Use of basic molecular methods is a necessary requisite for documenting occurrence, abundance and population trends of target species. Consequently, it helps to support eventual conservation decision‐making by stakeholders.     

The influence of diel period on fish assemblage in the unstructured littoral of reservoirs

Abstract Diel changes in littoral fish assemblage were studied in four reservoirs in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The sampling was performed by beach seining in an unstructured littoral zone. Perch, Perca fluviatilis L., roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), bream, Abramis brama (L.), carp, Cyprinus carpio L., ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua (L.), pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.) and A. brama × R. rutilus hybrids exhibited higher densities at night. Only bleak, Alburnus alburnus (L.) exhibited higher densities during the day. The number of species was higher in night hauls, and mean body size of roach and bleak was also higher at night. Diel changes in fish densities resulted in the change in species composition between day and night. The study has implication for the sampling design to assess littoral fish assemblages using beach seine netting and recommends night sampling for a representative assessment or sampling during both diel periods for a robust assessment.     

高pH胁迫对“黄海1号”中国对虾免疫相关酶的影响

对高pH养殖水体中"黄海1号"中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)群体和野生群体的存活率,血清中的溶菌酶(LSZ)、酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力变化进行了测定.经高pH胁迫72 h后检测发现,在pH8.2～8.6,"黄海1号"和野生群体存活率均高于90%,两群体机体表现出一定的应激能力;在pH8.8～9.0时,"黄海1号"及野生群体死亡率都急剧增加,几种免疫相关酶类较在pH 8.6时都有较高幅度的变化,"黄海1号"的死亡率及酶突变程度均小于野生群体;在pH 9.2时,2群体的死亡率及体内的几种免疫相关酶活性变化幅度继续增大,但2群体间差异减弱;在pH 9.4时,两群体中国对虾全部死亡.比较发现,当海水pH在一定的范围内升高时,"黄海1号"免疫能力要高于野生群体.     

石菖蒲挥发性组分提取方法的对比研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取（SCFE）与分级分离技术联用提取石菖蒲挥发性组分．并与水蒸气提取（HD）法所得挥发油进行了对比,发现挥发油成分相对含量有所差异。在SCFE挥发油中烯烃单萜、倍半萜类的相对含量高;而含氧单萜、含氧倍半萜类则正好相反．HD法所提挥发油中含氧萜类明显高于SCFE。其主要有效成分口一细辛醚在SCFE和HD所提挥发油中的相对含量分别为52．84％和38．67％,这说明SCFE对口一细辛醚的提取有较好的选择性。     

气相色谱法检测辐照牛肉中的碳氢化合物

利用气相色谱法分析牛肉辐照前后碳氢化合物的类型与浓度差异,建立了一种能判别辐照牛肉的鉴定方法。本试验通过正己烷溶剂萃取,Florisil柱分离和气相色谱分析,对辐照牛肉产生的6种碳氢化合物进行了定性和定量分析。研究结果表明,牛肉经辐照处理后,显著产生1,7-C16:2(1,7-十六二烯),而在未辐照的牛肉中没有检测到,因而1,7-C16:2是鉴定牛肉是否经过辐照处理的最适合标志物。     

The effect of fermented apple diet supplementation on the growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fermented apple diet (FAD) supplementation on the growth performance and meat quality in finishing Berkshires. The FAD was made from dropped apple mixed with rice bran and barley bran. Until 81 ± 1 kg live weight at 133 ± 1 days, the animals were fed a growing diet, after which experimental samples were fixed at 0, 2, 4 and 6% FAD as C, T1, T2 and T3 in the finishing diets. Growth performance, ADG, ADFI and feed efficiency were improved in T1 than other groups. In carcass parameters, carcass weight was higher ( P  < 0.05) in T1 than in other groups. In meat quality, moisture and crude protein contents decreased ( P  < 0.05) by addition of FAD. pH₂₄ and WHC were higher ( P  < 0.05) in T1 than other groups. In sensory evaluation, marbling of fresh meat and tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability of cooked meat were improved by the addition of FAD. According to the results of our experiment, FAD can be used for improvement of meat quality parameters.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定奶粉中锌的含量

采用原子吸收光谱法测定多种品牌奶粉中锌的含量,对干法消化奶粉所用混合酸的组成、比例等试验条件进行了研究,其最佳样品处理条件为:硝酸-高氯酸(4+1)作为溶解用酸,1 mol/L盐酸作为定容用酸,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%.     

不同杀菌剂对马铃薯早疫病的田间防效试验

2009～2010年通过田间小区方法进行了6种杀菌剂防治马铃薯早疫病(Alternaria solani)的试验。结果表明:75%拿敌稳水分散性粒剂6 000倍、50%肟菌酯水分散性粒剂4 000倍、43%好力克悬浮剂3 000倍、25%阿米西达悬浮剂1 200倍效果均比较好,防效在82.0%～84.3%之间,70%安泰生可湿性粉剂400倍次之,防效75.9%～76.0%;80%代森锰锌500倍再次之,防效66.2%~66.8%。以上6种杀菌剂均可作为防治马铃薯早疫病的有效药剂应用。     

双波长分光光度法测定青钱柳总黄酮含量的研究

实验采用三氯化铝显色,双波长分光光度法对青钱柳总黄酮含量进行测定研究.该测定黄酮含量方法简便、准确、快速.     

辐解产物2-十二烷基环丁酮的测定方法

 【目的】建立1种含脂辐照食品中特异性辐解产物2－十二烷基环丁酮的萃取分离以及定量分析的新方法。【方法】采用硅胶层析柱萃取分离、气相色谱－质谱联用检测,对淋洗剂浓度、硅胶活化程度、收集时间及气相色谱-质谱条件等技术参数进行优化。【结果】该方法对2－十二烷基环丁酮标准品的最低检出限为0.005 mg?L-1,0.1～2.0 mg?L-1的添加回收率为75.9%～103.9%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5.7%。【结论】与欧盟标准方法EN1785进行比较,硅胶柱分离法具有成本低、提取效率高、重现性好、检出限低、承载样品量大等优点。