Effects of High Pressure on Myofibrillar Protein and Moisture Distribution of Shrimp (Solenocera melantho) Muscle

ABSTRACT

The effects of high pressure (100–500 MPa) treatment on myofibrillar protein (MP) contents and distribution of water in Solenocera melantho muscle were investigated. The results showed that the shrimp treated with 200 MPa had the highest shelling score, and the solubility of MP in meat of shrimp treated with 300 MPa was significantly reduced. Moreover, the surface hydrophobicity of MP increased with increasing pressure. Treatment of shrimp with 200–300 MPa high pressure partially converted the structure of MP from an α-helix structure to a β-sheet structure, allowing for greater exposure of the tryptophan residues present. Treatment of shrimp with 100–200 MPa led to a significant loss in the amount of immobilized water in shrimp muscle. However, the treatment did not significantly change the moisture distribution. Overall, pressures of 100 to 200 MPa are considered the most suitable for the processing of S. melantho.     

菏泽霾气候特征及影响因素分析

利用1981-2013年菏泽市地面气象观测资料,对菏泽市霾日数变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明：近33年菏泽霾日数总体呈上升趋势,1980-1990年代霾日数较少,2000年之后明显上升.菏泽年平均霾日数为10.8天.菏泽秋冬季霾天气出现多,春夏季出现少.菏泽霾天气95％以上为轻微霾（大气能见度5～10 km）,相对湿度在70％～90％的占8成以上.霾日数变化对气温和风速的变化较为敏感.霾天气发生时,一般风速比较小（1～2 m/s）,并以N风最多.正变湿和负变压对霾的生成和维持更加有利.连续无降水日数越长,出现霾的概率就可能越大.     

Effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on glioma cell apoptosis

AIM：To explore the effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on the apoptosis in glioma cells. METHODS：Human glioma SHG-44 cells were cultured and divided into control group and 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The apoptotic rates were examined by Annexin V/PI staining. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The protein level of caspase-3 was also examined by Western blotting. RESULTS：Treatment with component II of broccoli polypeptide for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h induced significant inhibition of viability of SHG-44 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results of Annexin V/PI staining showed that the apoptotic rates were increased in treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The density of glioma cells was decreased after treated with increasing concentrations of the drug, and the apoptotic bodies were observed under inverted microscope at 72 h. The results of immunocytochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expression of Bax protein was increased but Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of caspase-3 protein was increased in 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups compared with control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：The component II of broccoli polypeptide increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activates caspase-3 protein, thus inducing the apoptosis of glioma cells.     

The effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress of liver induced by diquat in weaned piglets

Oxidative stress can induce abnormal tryptophan metabolism. The present study was mainly conducted to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress in the liver of weaned pigs challenged by diquat. A total of 36 PIC piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets containing dietary tryptophan levels of 0.18, 0.30, and 0.45% for 14 d. On day 8, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution or diquat (10 mg/kg body weight). During the first 7 d of trial, increasing dietary tryptophan levels enhanced average daily gain (P = 0.09) and average daily feed intake (P = 0.08), and decreased the feed efficiency (P < 0.05) of piglets. The growth performance was decreased by diquat injection (P < 0.05). Diquat injection also decreased the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the plasma and liver (P < 0.05), increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) and urea nitrogen (P < 0.05) concentrations, and enhanced MDA concentration (P = 0.09) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) activity (P = 0.07) in liver of piglets. Increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the effects of diquat injection on the MDA (P = 0.06) concentration and the activities of SOD (P = 0.09) and GPx (P = 0.05) of the liver, and plasma urea nitrogen (P = 0.06) concentration in the piglet. There was a synergistic role for increasing TDO activity in the liver between dietary tryptophan levels and diquat injection (P < 0.05). These results suggest that increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the oxidative stress of the liver in weaned piglets intraperitoneally injected with diquat via enhancing the antioxidant capacity.     

不同复合肥在辣椒上的肥效试验

为了筛选出成本低、肥效高的复合肥,本研究以辣椒为试验材料,进行了5种复合肥田间试验。试验结果表明:澳特尔复合肥(N、P、K配比为25∶10∶16)和洋洋复合肥(N、P、K配比为20∶10∶10)对辣椒生长效果最好,产量最高,比对照处理1分别增产14.6%和11.2%,达到极显著水平。此两种复合肥可以在同等肥力条件下大面积推广使用。     

江苏省河蟹产业发展研究

江苏省是我国河蟹生产大省,河蟹产业对江苏国民经济发展和农民增收具有重要现实意义。本文重点分析了江苏省河蟹产业经营环境、经济效益和发展能力的概况。通过对河蟹产业现状分析,认为江苏河蟹产业发展还存在诸如缺乏组织与规划、加工水平低及市场不规范等问题,并分析其原因有多元投入与产业结构不合理、技术落后和市场障碍等,最后针对性地提出产业发展政策建议。     

基于风洞试验的风沙区光伏阵列近地表形态变化规律研究

[目的] 研究库布齐沙漠中段沙区光伏阵列扰动下地表形态变化规律及其与风环境的关系,为科学制定沙区光伏电站次生风沙危害防治技术方案提供理论依据。[方法] 运用风洞试验方法,分析光伏阵列与风向之间夹角为0°,45°,90°,135°和180°时光伏阵列地表蚀积空间分布规律和地表形态剖面特征。[结果] 夹角为±90°时,迎风侧前两排电板区域地表蚀积变化表现为风蚀以中度和重度为主,堆积以轻度为主。第3—5排电板区域在前两排电板的遮蔽作用下风沙活动强度大幅降低。夹角为±45°时所有电板区域蚀积变化规律较为相似;45°时蚀积变化表现为风蚀以中度和重度为主,堆积以中度和轻度为主,小范围出现重度堆积现象;-45°时风蚀和堆积均表现为以轻度和中度为主。以8 m/s风速条件为例,不同夹角条件光伏阵列地表蚀积强度表现为：45°>90°>-45°>-90°>0°。夹角为0°时最小,蚀积变化极差仅为1.265 cm。夹角为45°时最大,蚀积变化极差可达5.429 cm。夹角绝对值相等符号相反风况条件下,夹角为正值相较负值时光伏阵列地表风沙活动更为强烈。夹角为45°时蚀积强度是夹角为-45°时的1.566倍,夹角为90°时则是夹角为-90°时的1.269倍。[结论] 沙区光伏阵列次生风沙危害的防治技术方案设计应充分考虑区域主害风向条件。     

汾河流域下游不同土地利用方式下优先流区与基质流区土壤团聚体稳定性分析

优先流是水分和溶质在土壤中非均质性运移的普遍现象,但对其形成的优先流区和基质流区土壤团聚体稳定性的研究还较少。为了阐明土壤团聚体破碎机制的差异,研究以汾河流域下游农田、撂荒地和果园3种土地利用方式为对象,采用野外染色示踪法与Le Bissonnais(LB)法分析了土壤染色区分下优先流区与基质流区土壤团聚体稳定性特征。结果表明:土壤染色率主要分布在0—30 cm土层,在10—30 cm土层果园显著高于撂荒地。LB处理的>0.25 mm团聚体含量和平均重量直径(MWD)在不同土地利用方式下表现为果园>农田>撂荒地,相对消散指数(RSI)和相对机械破碎指数(RMI)则有相反的趋势。优先流区在10—20 cm土层比基质流区具有更强的团聚体稳定性以及抵抗消散作用和机械破坏能力。土壤染色率与快速湿润的MWD呈显著负相关,与RSI呈显著正相关。研究表明果园比农田和撂荒地具有更好的优先流特征和团聚体稳定性,并且优先流区抗团聚破碎能力比基质流区更强,这将有利于维持优先流途径稳定性。     

高原传统农区土地利用功能演变及其生态环境效应

为探究高原传统农区不同梯度上土地利用功能演变及其对生态环境影响特征的差异性,选取云南省昌宁县作为研究区,基于2000年、2010年、2020年3期土地利用数据,采用土地利用转移矩阵、区域生态环境质量指数等方法对研究区土地利用功能演变特征及其生态环境效应进行了分析。结果表明:(1)高原农区垂直梯度上土地利用功能格局多样,近20 a来研究区土地利用功能结构变化表现为生活用地、生态用地分别增加2 784.18,2 561.29 hm²,而生产用地减少5 345.47 hm²,生态用地主要集中在中、高起伏地貌区,生产、生活用地主要集中在低起伏地貌区。(2)高原农区生态环境效应空间差异明显,研究区土地利用功能演变对生态环境质量的影响总体平稳,生态环境质量指数总体维持在0.598 2的良好水平,尤其在北部和中部的中、高起伏地貌区,坡耕地、低效园地等农业生产用地转入以林地为主的生态用地,促进区域生态环境稳定向好发展; 而由于人口集聚、土地承载和利用过度,在中南部的低起伏地貌区,农业结构调整以及城镇化占用耕地、林地和草地等现象多发,致使局部生态环境质量呈退化趋势。总体而言,伴随人口压力的转移和利用程度的减弱,高原农区土地利用整体格局趋于优化,土地利用功能可持续性增强,区内生态环境质量向好发展。