精子洗涤对精液中HBV DNA含量的影响

目的：检查HBV感染者精液是否存在乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），探讨精子洗涤是否能去除其中的HBV DNA。方法：用实时荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）法检测57名血清HBsAg阳性患者精液中HBV DNA，采用Percoll非连续梯度离心及上游法分离其中21份精液，并对洗涤后标本进行HBV DNA检测。结果：62份精液标本中有15份HBV DNA阳性，阳性率为24.19%;21份用于洗涤的精液标本中有，有7份HBV DNA阳性，洗涤后仍有6份标本阳性。结论：部分HBV感染者精液具有传染性，精子洗涤不能完全去除精液中的乙肝病毒。将HBV感染者的精液用于人工授精或体外受精应慎重。     

In-plane myocardial wall stress is not the primary determinant of coronary systolic flow impediment. A study in the isolated, perfused dog septum.

The hypothesis that ventricular in-plane tensile wall stresses are the major determinant of systolic coronary flow was investigated in this study. We measured coronary artery inflow in the maximally vasodilated bed of the isolated beating septum (n = 10) during two modes of contraction characterized by markedly different levels of developed in-plane stress. An increase in contractility was induced by changing from the control steady-state pacing state to a postextrasystolic potentiated state induced by a modified rapid pacing protocol. Over a range of increments of passive stretch, the systolic flow impediment versus the diastolic wall strain was described by an inverse linear relation. Despite the differences in developed in-plane wall stresses between the two modes of contraction (p less than 0.001), the slope and intercept of these relations in both the control and potentiated states were not different for the low versus high developed stress modes. The systolic flow impediment versus diastolic wall strain relation for the potentiated beats, compared with the control beats, was characterized by an increase in the intercept in both the low developed stress beats (p less than 0.05) and the high developed stress beats (p less than 0.05). These data indicate that the impediment to coronary flow during systole is not primarily determined by systolic myocardial in-plane tensile wall stresses but rather by the contractile state of the muscle.     

Cre recombinase-mediated site-specific recombination between plant chromosomes.

We report the use of the bacteriophage P1 Cre-loxsystem for generating conservative site-specific recombination between tobaccochromosomes. Two constructs, one containing a promoterless hygromycin-resistancegene preceded by a lox site (lox-hpt) and the other containing a cauliflowermosaic virus 35S promoter linked to a lox sequence and the cre coding region(35S-lox-cre), were introduced separately into tobacco plants. Crosses betweenplants harboring either construct produced plants with the two constructssituated on different chromosomes. Plants with recombination events wereidentified by selecting for hygromycin resistance, a phenotype expressed uponrecombination. Molecular analysis showed that these recombination eventsoccurred specifically at the lox sites and resulted in the reciprocal exchangeof flanking host DNA. Progenies of these plants showed 67-100% cotransmission ofthe new transgenes, 35S-lox-hpt and lox-cre, consistent with the preferentialcosegregation of translocated chromosomes. These results illustrate thatsite-specific recombination systems can be useful tools for the large-scalemanipulation of eukaryotic chromosomes in vivo.     

腹部CTA检查的质量保证

目的:探讨螺旋CT血管造影(Spiral CT angiography,SCTA)技术,以期提高SCTA造影的质量。材料与方法:采用Somatom Plus 4螺旋CT扫描系统对10例病人行腹部SCTA检查。扫描技术和造影剂参数按病变范围和性质而定,三维重建采用最大强度投影法(MIP)或表面阴影显示法(SSD)或弯曲平面重建法(CPR)。结果:SCTA检查技术能可靠地显示血管形态和病变,评价腹部肿瘤与邻近血管关系。结论:SCTA是无创伤性的血管成像术,在很大范围可替代创伤性的血管造影。     

Influence of mild hypothermia on vascular endothelial growth factor and infarct volume in brain tissues after cerebral ischemia in rats

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia. However, the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypothermia on cerebral edema, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, stabilizing blood brain barrier, etc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia in rats, and analyze the brain protective mechanism of mild hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yunyang Medical College. MATERIALS: Twenty adult male SD rats of clean degree, weighing (250±30) g, were provided by the animal experimental center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University. The kits for SP immunohistochemistry were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Neurology, Renmen Hospital of Wuhan University from May to July 2005. ① The 20 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature group (n =10) and mild hypothermia group (n =10). Models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with modified nylon suture embolization. The rats were assessed with the Longa standards: 0 point for without nerve dysfunction; 1 for mild neurological deficit (fore claws could no extend completely); 2 for moderate neurological deficit (circling towards the affected side); 3 for severe neurological deficit (tilting towards the affected side); 4 for coma and unconscious; 1-3 points represented that models were successfully established. The rats of the normal temperature group were fed at room temperature, and those in the mild hypothermia group were induced by hypothermia from 2 hours postoperatively, and the rectal temperature was kept at 34-35 ℃ for 72 hours. ② Measurement of infarct volume: All the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection overdose sodium pentobarbital 7 days postoperatively, and then the heads were cut down to harvest brain. The brain tissues were placed into -20 ℃ refrigerator for 20 minutes, coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared. The infarct sites were not stained, whereas normal brain tissues were stained as red. The infarct volumes were calculated by using MPLAS-500 multimedia color pathological image&&word analytical system. ③ Counting positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein: The brains were harvested by cutting heads, then coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared. Routine dehydration, hyalinization, wax immersion and embedding were performed, then the detected with SP immunohistochemistry, the kits were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The cells whose cytoplasm was yellow-brown were positive ones, a single sample as a unit, peri-ischemic site and ischemic core were selected, and the corresponding sites in controlateral hemisphere were taken as controls. Five visual fields were selected from each site to be observed under microscope, the cells were counted, and the average number of positive cells was calculated in each group. The numbers of positive cells were determined with the image analytical apparatus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of the positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein; Infarct volume of rat brain tissue. RESULTS: All the 20 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Number of positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in brain tissue: It was obviously lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group [(24.02±5.05), (36.07±2.69) cells/high power visual field, P < 0.01]. ② Comparison of infarct volume of brain tissue: After MCAO, it was obviously smaller in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group [(153.25±23.14), (253.45±36.21) mm3, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decrease the volume of cerebral infarction. The inhibition of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be one of the brain protective mechanisms.     

解释——护理过程中应重视的一个环节

在护理过程中护士和患者进行频繁接触和互动,护士主要应从以下几点做好解释工作,达到消除患者各种顾虑,改善和融洽医患关系,增强与患者的配合能力,使护理工作顺利进行,杜绝护理差错事故的发生,使患者心情愉快,早日康复.①解释环节对护士的素质要求,护士有高尚的职业道德水准,有扎实的基础知识和丰富的临床实践经验.②解释前,对患者的情况做全面了解.③整个护理操作前解释、操作中指导和操作后嘱咐的内容和要求.④鼓励患者及家属积极提出问题,并能全面、科学地做知识解答.笔者旨在通过撰写此文,引起护理同仁对解释环节的重视,不断提高解释水平的护理质量.     

Correlation between the intensity of cytomegalovirus infection and the amount of perivasculitis in aortic allografts

Abstract  We previously demonstrated that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection enhanced perivascular inflammation in rat aortic allografts. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the CMV infection load and the magnitude of perivasculitis (chronic rejection) in aortic transplants. Rats received or-thotopic abdominal aortic grafts, different degrees of total body irradiation (TBI) for immunosuppres-sion and CMV inoculation. The spleens of the rats receiving 5 Gy of TBI contained more infectious virus and viral antigens than those of rats receiving 3 Gy of TBI or no TBI. Although the number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the perivascular area was decreased after TBI, CMV infection resulted in increased perivasculitis in rats that received 5 Gy of TBI as compared to non-infected animals. This virus-induced effect was characterized predominantly by an increased T-cell infiltration, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells. It is concluded that an enhanced systemic CMV infection during severe immunosuppressive therapy can accelerate the development of chronic rejection, which seems to be mediated mainly by T-cells.     

二丙酸倍氯米松联合酮替芬防治毛细支气管炎后婴幼儿哮喘的研究

目的　观察低剂量二丙酸倍氯米松和酮替芬联合应用能否降低毛细支气管炎后支气管哮喘患病率。方法　 5 6例毛细支气管炎患儿为治疗组 ,采用低剂量二丙酸倍氯米松局部吸入 ,口服酮替芬 ,疗程 6～ 9个月 ;32例毛细支气管炎患儿不用药作为对照组。临床随访≥ 1年 ,观察两组患儿哮喘发生率。同时检测治疗前、后患儿肺功能及骨密度。结果　完成随访 1年以上者 ,治疗组 5 2例中仅 3例 (5 77% )发生哮喘 ,而对照组 30例中有 14例 (4 6 6 7% )发生哮喘 ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。治疗组患儿肺功能与治疗前比较亦有显著性差异。两组骨密度检测治疗前、后比较无显著差异。结论　低剂量二丙酸倍氯米松局部吸入与酮替芬联合应用可降低毛细支气管炎后婴幼儿哮喘患病率     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在去势前后大鼠腹叶前列腺中表达的变化

目的探讨与缺氧相关的缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)是否参与去势后前列腺萎缩过程.方法24只SD大鼠分为3组,其中A组(n=8)为假手术对照组,B组(n=8)为去势组,C组(n=8)为雄激素替代组(去势后肌注十一酸睾酮50mg/kg);术后3天处死,通过半定量RT-PCR检测与HIF-1α在去势前后前列腺表达变化.结果去势后大鼠前列腺的体积萎缩变小;雄激素替代组出现前列腺增生变大;对照组正常的大鼠前列腺有HIF-1 α mRNA低水平表达,去势组HIF-1α mRNA表达量增加,雄激素替代组HIF-1αmRNA表达量减少,与正常对照组比较,去势组的HIF-1α mRNA的表达量显著增加(P＜0.05),雄激素替代组的HIF-1αmRNA的表达量显著减少(P＜0.01).结论前列腺组织的缺氧参与去势后大鼠前列腺的早期萎缩过程.