高龄心房颤动患者的抗凝治疗

高龄心房颤动患者的危险因素评分（CHADS2）：心衰（C）、高血压（H）、年龄（A）〉75岁、糖尿病（D）、既往中风或短暂性脑缺血发作（S）每个危险因素各计1分，中风／TIA计2分。低危：0分，中危：1～2分，高危：≥3分。计分每增加1分，绝对风险增加1．5倍。     

舒张功能不全大鼠心肌线粒体结构和功能的改变

目的探讨心肌线粒体在舒张功能不全心力衰竭（DHF）大鼠心脏功能损伤中的作用。方法20只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为阴性对照组和DHF组。采用腹主动脉缩窄术建立DHF模型,4周末心脏超声检测心功能,颈动脉插管记录血流动力学,分光光度计检测心肌线粒体丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSHPx）水平,电镜检测心肌线粒体超微结构。结果DHF组大鼠左心室后壁（LVPW）、室间隔（IVS）、左心室心脏指数（LVM）和E／A比值增高,主动脉收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、左心室收缩压（LVSP）和左心室舒张末期压（LVEDP）升高,左心室松弛时间常数（Tau）延长,平均左心室内压最大下降速率（LV-dp／dtmax）下降,心肌SOD和GSHPx下降,MDA增加,电镜示心肌细胞肌丝排列不整齐、线粒体肿胀及空泡化等线粒体损伤。结论心肌线粒体损伤在DHF大鼠心脏功能损害中起着重要的作用。     

无左心房和肺静脉三维重建的阵发性心房颤动导管消融术

Objective To investigate the differences between modeling and non-modeling left atrium in Carto XP system guided catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods Thirty-one cases of par-oxysmal atrial fibrillation treated by the same electrophysiologist with guidance of Carto XP during Jan to Dec in 2008 were enrolled. Catheter ablation was accomplished without left atrium and pulmonary veins modeling in 17 patients (non-modeling group) and with left atrium modeling in 14 patients (modeling group). The detailed ablation method was based on circumferential pulmonary veins isolation (CPVI). And linear ablation of tricus-pid valvular isthmus was selectively proceeded individually. The ablation endpoint was set to complete isolation of pulmonary vein potential from left atrium and no continuous fast atrial arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia could be induced. Comparisons for each step during procedure and the fol-low-up outcomes had been done. Results The male: female ratio of the 2 groups were 10:4 and 11 : 6 (P >0.05). The average age were (54.64 ± 15.58) and (59.41 ± 10.59) (P >0.05) ,the diseased courses were (5.05 ±10.4) years and (7.34±7.74)years(P >0.05),the left atrial sizes were (35.29±4.73) mm and (36.47 ±6.15)mm (P > 0.05), the total procedure time was (107.23±28.92) rain and (93.47 ±26.09) win (P>0.05). The X-ray exposure time was (21.09 ±6.49)min (modeling group) and (14.16±5.35)min (non-modeling group,P < 0.05). The CPVI time of fight pulmonary veins was (27.29±18.53) rain (model-ing group) and 18.00 ±4.51 min (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The CPVI time of left pulmonary veins was (28.14 ±9.26) rain (modeling group) and (23.94±7.10) rain (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The successful rates was 85.7% (modeling group) and 82.4% (non-modeling group, P > 0.05) over follow-up for 2 to 13 months. Conclusion Carto system guided catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without modeling of left atrium and pulmonary veins could take less time in X-ray exposure and ablation steps, compa-ring with left atrium modeling one.     

起源于肺静脉的阵发性心房颤动导管射频消融治疗

目的　探讨环状电极 (Lasso电极 )标测指导起源于肺静脉的阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )导管射频消融治疗的安全性和有效性。方法与结果　 2 0 0 1年 5～ 12月 ,12例药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤患者 ,男 8例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 (47 8± 14 9)岁 ,行心内电生理检查和射频消融术。在Lasso电极指导下标测肺静脉 ,以确定诱发房颤的房性早搏起源处。确定房性早搏的消融靶点后 ,在有房性早搏或冠状窦远端起搏或右心耳起搏下寻找优势肺静脉电位 (PVP)放电消融 ,或肺静脉口环状消融。消融终点设定为 :①肺静脉电位振幅明显减低或消失 ;②肺静脉自律性电位与心房电活动无关 ;③诱发房颤的房早消失。结果成功隔离 2 6条肺静脉 ;其中左上肺静脉 12条 ,右上肺静脉 8条 ,左下肺静脉 5条 ,右下肺静脉1条。有 2例仅消融 1条肺静脉 ,均为左上肺静脉 ;8例消融2条肺静脉 ,消融 3条与 4条肺静脉者各 1例。术程 (196 4±6 5 8)min ,X线曝光时间 (5 2 0± 14 4 )min。术后随访 2～ 8个月 ,有 1例频发房早发生 ,经口服胺碘酮后房早消失 ;4例有房颤短阵发作 ,其中 3例接受口服药物 (2例服用胺碘酮 ,1例服用索他洛尔 ) ,1例植入有抗房颤程序的DDDR起搏器 ,能够有效抑制房颤发作。术中选择性肺静脉造影发现 6例有轻度肺静脉狭窄 ,其     

Lasso电极导管指导下标测与射频消融局灶性房性心动过速

目的 探讨10极Lasso电极导管对局灶性房性心动过速(房速)标测及射频消融的指导作用.方法 局灶性房速病人5例,接受电生理检查,初步判断房速起源于左心房或右心房;应用Lasso电极标测心房,指导消融导管寻找局灶性房速最早心房激动(A波)点,于最早心房激动点处消融.结果 局灶性房速病人5例均在房速持续发作时进行Lasso电极标测;消融导管在Lasso电极指导下分别于左心房耳部(2例)、左上肺静脉口部(1例)、上腔静脉(1例)、右心房侧壁(1例)标测到最早A波;较P波提早30～40 ms;Lasso电极记录的A波顺序均呈离心性;在上述最早激动点处消融,均成功终止房速,放电次数为1～3次;未出现并发症;随访2～20个月,无复发;手术时间40～60 min,X线照射时间8～12 min.结论 应用Lasso电极指导标测与射频消融局灶性房速,快速、准确,可提高消融成功率,减少X线照射时间,缩短手术时间,特别对病灶位于心内大静脉、心房耳部病例尤有帮助.     

无左心房和肺静脉三维重建的阵发性心房颤动导管消融术

Objective To investigate the differences between modeling and non-modeling left atrium in Carto XP system guided catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods Thirty-one cases of par-oxysmal atrial fibrillation treated by the same electrophysiologist with guidance of Carto XP during Jan to Dec in 2008 were enrolled. Catheter ablation was accomplished without left atrium and pulmonary veins modeling in 17 patients (non-modeling group) and with left atrium modeling in 14 patients (modeling group). The detailed ablation method was based on circumferential pulmonary veins isolation (CPVI). And linear ablation of tricus-pid valvular isthmus was selectively proceeded individually. The ablation endpoint was set to complete isolation of pulmonary vein potential from left atrium and no continuous fast atrial arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia could be induced. Comparisons for each step during procedure and the fol-low-up outcomes had been done. Results The male: female ratio of the 2 groups were 10:4 and 11 : 6 (P >0.05). The average age were (54.64 ± 15.58) and (59.41 ± 10.59) (P >0.05) ,the diseased courses were (5.05 ±10.4) years and (7.34±7.74)years(P >0.05),the left atrial sizes were (35.29±4.73) mm and (36.47 ±6.15)mm (P > 0.05), the total procedure time was (107.23±28.92) rain and (93.47 ±26.09) win (P>0.05). The X-ray exposure time was (21.09 ±6.49)min (modeling group) and (14.16±5.35)min (non-modeling group,P < 0.05). The CPVI time of fight pulmonary veins was (27.29±18.53) rain (model-ing group) and 18.00 ±4.51 min (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The CPVI time of left pulmonary veins was (28.14 ±9.26) rain (modeling group) and (23.94±7.10) rain (non-modeling group, P < 0.05). The successful rates was 85.7% (modeling group) and 82.4% (non-modeling group, P > 0.05) over follow-up for 2 to 13 months. Conclusion Carto system guided catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation without modeling of left atrium and pulmonary veins could take less time in X-ray exposure and ablation steps, compa-ring with left atrium modeling one.     

心肌致密化不全的研究进展

心肌致密化不全是由于胚胎期心内膜肌小梁致密化过程异常终止导致心室发育不良的先天性心肌病,以心力衰竭、心律失常、血栓形成为主要临床表现,目前临床诊断主要依靠超声心动图、核磁共振,患者的疾病进展和预后差异很大.本文对心肌致密化不全目前的研究进展作一综述,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据.     

导管消融治疗45岁以下心房颤动患者的随访分析

目的研究不同类型的年轻心房颤动（房颤）患者（阵发性房颤、持续性房颤和持久的持续性房颤）导管消融治疗成功率和安全性。方法收集广东省心血管病研究所年龄〈45岁,诊断为房颤并接受导管消融治疗的132例患者的临床、电生理及随访资料,应用COX比例风险模型分析初次消融和重复消融后复发的预测因子。结果患者年龄（38.0±5.6）岁,男101例,女31例,既往房颤病程2.05年;阵发性房颤91例,非阵发性房颤包括持续性房颤15例和持久的持续性房颤26例。初次消融后随访24.2个月,阵发性、持续性、持久的持续性房颤成功率分别为86.8%（79例）、66.7%（10例）、57.7%（15例）,总体成功率78.8%。复发的患者有20例（71.4%）再次消融,随访14.3月,12例（75%）维持窦性心律。阵发性、持续性、持久的持续性房颤经过重复消融后窦性心律维持率分别为93.4%（85例）、86.7%（13例）、73.1%（19例）,总体成功率88.6%。COX回归分析提示,初次消融后复发的预测因子分别是非阵发性房颤（HR=3.393,P=0.004）、左心房扩大（HR=1.066,P=0.004）、高血压病史（HR=4.203,P=0.006）和甲状腺疾病史（HR=5.280,P=0.001）;重复消融后复发的预测因子则为右心房扩大（HR=1.133,P〈0.001）和甲状腺疾病（HR=6.942,P=0.003）。无影响预后的严重并发症。结论年轻的房颤患者导管消融安全性好,成功率高。早期对年轻房颤患者进行消融治疗是合理的,但应注意心房扩大及甲状腺疾病对成功率的影响。     

薄层扫描法测定止痢胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

止痢胶囊是由盐酸小檗碱,石榴皮,木香等组成,具有清热消炎,收敛止泻等功效。盐酸小檗碱为本方中的君药,测定盐酸小檗碱的含量将能控制本品的质量。根据文献报道,对于盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法主要有紫外分光光度法,薄层扫描法等。本方为复方制剂,经试验比较,通过优选,结果表明：本文拟订的薄层扫描法,方法可靠,结果准确,操作简便易行。     

持续性心房颤动导管消融术后复发的药物治疗观察

目的：回顾性分析不同组合抗心律失常药物（AAD）在持续性心房颤动（PeAF）导管消融术后复发房性心律失常中的疗效。方法：对76例首次进行导管消融的PeAF患者进行回顾性分析。结果：术后32例（42.11%）复发,根据用药情况,20例三联用药者为研究组（胺碘酮/普罗帕酮+β受体阻滞剂+地高辛）,12例为对照组（非三联）。研究组与对照组转复为窦性心律的比例分别为55%、33.33%(P=0.29),复律中位时间分别为18.50 d、28.00 d(P=0.07)。研究组2周内转复5例,对照组则无2周内转复病例。两组患者心动过缓发生率无显著差异（研究组与对照组分别为3例和1例,P=1.00）。结论：对PeAF消融术后复发的患者予胺碘酮/普罗帕酮联合β受体阻滞剂及地高辛相对安全、有效,可能缩短转复时间且不增加不良反应。