超声引导经皮介入治疗结构性心脏病的探索和发展前景

正结构性心脏病是指任何与心脏、大血管结构异常有关的疾病,其治疗理念涵盖通过矫正或改变心脏结构来治疗心脏病的技术。其常见病种主要包括:(1)先天性心脏病(室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭等);(2)瓣膜病(二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣等);(3)心肌病(肥厚性心肌病、扩张型心肌病等);(4)并发于其它疾病的心脏结构异常(心肌梗塞后室间隔穿孔、室壁瘤等)。结构性心脏病严重威胁患者生命,而且涵盖从     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

冠状动脉肺动脉瘘的介入治疗

目的分析冠状动脉肺动脉瘘(coronary-pulmonary artery fistula,CPAF)介入治疗的方法和疗效。方法选取2016年12月至2017年8月,6例在本中心就诊的CPAF患者,其中,男性2例,女性4例。年龄(61.5±5.9)岁。通过体格检查、胸片、超声心动图、心电图及冠状动脉造影明确诊断,在本中心对其CPAF进行介入治疗。术后随访(5.5±2.8)个月。结果 6例患者中单发CPAF 2例,多发CPAF 4例,累及左冠状动脉及右冠状动脉均为5例,伴动脉瘤形成4例。6例患者中3例经桡动脉行介入治疗,3例经股动脉途径行介入治疗,共使用Boston Scientific可解脱带纤维毛弹簧圈19枚,弹簧圈直径(7.0±3.3)mm,弹簧圈长度(15.5±9.1)cm。6例患者靶血管均栓塞成功,无残余分流。随访期内无严重并发症。结论使用可解脱带纤维毛弹簧圈栓塞CPAF安全、有效,提高了CPAF的介入治疗成功率。     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

单纯超声引导支架置入术治疗主动脉缩窄一例

目前经导管介入治疗主动脉弓缩窄已成为一线治疗方案,主要在放射线引导下进行。但放射线暴露会造成对患者及医护人员潜在的损害,且依赖大型放射线设备,带来了诸多限制。本文首次报道单纯超声引导主动脉缩窄支架置入术治疗27岁育龄期女性患者的病例,出院后患者主动脉缩窄处压差降至18 mm Hg,手术效果良好。     

400例心脏移植患者的临床病理学表现带来的启示

心脏移植是目前治疗终末期心脏病较有效的手段之一，我院十多年来已进行心脏移植治疗近500例，延长了患者的生命，提高了生活质量。我们对所有病例的心脏都进行了包括大体、显微镜和电子显微镜形态等的临床病理学观察，以探讨这些心脏基本病变和其可能的致病原因。我们以其中的前400例为例，探讨其临床病理表现带给我们的启发。     

单纯食管超声引导经皮封堵治疗房间隔缺损

目的 通过与传统放射线引导方法相比较,评价单纯经食道超声(TEE)引导在经皮介入封堵儿童房间隔缺损中的早期临床应用效果.方法 收集2012年10月至2014年1月单纯TEE引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵患儿50例(TEE组),均采用TEE引导并监测封堵全过程.选取同期传统放射线引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵患儿162例为对照组.2组患者均于术后1个月在门诊随访,并行经胸超声心动图检查.结果 2组患儿年龄、体质量、房间隔缺损直径、封堵器直径、手术时间及住院时间无明显差异.TEE组和对照组封堵器置入成功率分别为100.0％和97.5％,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.58);术后即刻残余分流发生率分别为0和4.4％,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.20);气管插管时间分别为(2.9±0.5)h和0.术后随访1个月,2组患者均无残余分流,未发生外周血管损伤、心脏穿孔、封堵器脱落等严重并发症.结论 单纯TEE引导下经皮介入封堵儿童房间隔缺损不仅能够完全避免放射线及对比剂,而且保持了传统经皮介入治疗安全、微创的优点.     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

胸腔镜辅助超声引导房间隔缺损经胸封堵术的临床疗效

目的分析胸腔镜辅助超声引导下房间隔缺损经胸封堵术的安全性和有效性。方法前瞻性分析2017年1～9月我院行胸腔镜辅助超声引导下经胸房间隔缺损封堵术12例患者的临床资料,其中男4例、女8例,年龄29(24.5～39.5)岁。研究其房间隔缺损病变特征、术中操作特点、手术安全性和有效性、术后并发症及随访结果。结果 12例患者中有10例成功行胸腔镜辅助超声引导下房间隔缺损封堵术,2例中转胸腔镜辅助体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术。成功行经胸封堵的患者缺损大小17～40(27.22±8.97)mm,使用的封堵器大小36(30～42)mm,术后平均住院时间6 d,术后无明显心率失常、出血、心包积液等并发症。术后平均随访6(3～10)个月。随访期间未见Ⅲ度传导阻滞,无封堵器脱落、无残余分流、无心包积液。结论胸腔镜辅助超声引导下房间隔缺损经胸封堵术是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。为缺损直径较大、缺损边缘条件差的患者提供了一种全新微创的手术选择。     

经导管三尖瓣缘对缘修复术的应用现状

三尖瓣反流(TR)是常见的心脏瓣膜病变。根据发病机制,TR可分为原发性(器质性)和继发性(功能性)反流,其中功能性TR占比超过90%。重度TR患者预后差,药物治疗效果差,外科手术(瓣环成形)是主要治疗手段。目前,经导管三尖瓣缘对缘修复术(T-TEER)已成为TR经导管治疗的重要方案,为广大无法接受外科手术或手术高风险的TR患者提供了微创治疗方式。T-TEER通过夹闭瓣叶进而降低反流程度,目前处于早期研发探索和临床验证阶段,主要用于功能性TR。T-TEER相关器械也取得了明显的进步(TriClip,PASCAL),我国独立研发的T-TEER器械也正在进行临床试验(DragonFly-T^TM,SQ-Kyrin-T^TM,NeoBlazar^TM)。本文对T-TEER的应用现状和研究进展进行综述。