肝尾状叶异位嗜铬细胞瘤一例

1．病例资料：病人，女，60岁，因“体检发现肝占位10d”于2006年7月4日入院。 病人10d前在外院体检，行腹部超声示肝尾叶可见一大小4．1cm×3．9cm的低回声区，边界尚清，内部回声不均匀，肝内实质占位（性质待定）。后为明确诊断，行肝脏MRI（平扫＋增强）提示肝尾叶、下腔静脉及腹主动脉之间见一椭圆形等T1、长T2信号灶，内隐约见长T1信号，[第一段]     

53例肝癌切除术后生存20年以上远期随访分析

Objective To clarify the clinicopathological features of patients surviving≥20 years after resection for hepatoceUular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Between 1961 and 1987, a total of 396 patients underwent hepatic resection for HCC.Of the 396 patients, 53(13.4 %) survived ≥20 years and 343(86.6%) <20 years.A comparative study between the two groups was made.Results By March of 2007, 67.6%(36/53) of the patients were still alive and disease-free while 5.7% (3/53) of them died of tumor recurrence or metastasis, 11.3 % (6/537 died of liver failure, 5.70% (3/537 died of other disease, and 9.4% (5/53) were lost during follow-up.Two patients with intraperitoneal rup-tured HCC survived fro 26.6 years and 38.75 years, respectively.Five young patients got married af-ter resection and have had babies.The longest surviving time was 43 years and 2 months.Reresection for recurrence was done in 9 patients and the mean survival was 26 years and 11 months.Reresection for solitary pulmonary metastasis was performed in 3 patients and the mean survival was 29 years and 2 months.Downstaging followed by resection was performed in 4 patients, mean survival being 22 years and 10 months.In comparison with patients surviving <20 years, those surviving ≥20 years were significantly younger(P<0.05) and had a higher incidence of asymptomatic tumors (P<0.01), lower γ-glutanyl transpeptidase levels (P<0.01), lower incidence of liver cirrhosis (P<0.01) ; high-er percentage of smaller tumors (P<0.01), single nodule tumors (P<0.01) and well encapsulated tumors (P<0.01), lower incidence of tumor emboli in portal vein (P<0.01), better differentiation of tumor cells (P<0.05) and higher curative resection rate (P<0.01).Conclusions Early and cura-tive resection are important for improving long-term survival.Long-term follow-up after resection of HCC is very important, and should continue for the remainder of the patient's life.Reresection for re-currence and metastasis is an important approach to improve prognosis.     

肝脏局灶性结节性增生的临床诊疗分析

目的:探讨肝脏局灶性结节性增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)患者的临床特点、影像和病理学特征及临床诊治。方法:回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院2006年6月至2014年7月期间进行手术切除252例FNH患者临床资料,并选取典型病例,从影像学、病理学等方面与其他肝脏良、恶性肿瘤进行对比和分析。结果:252例患者中,172例患者经彩超检查,拟诊断为FNH者111例,诊断符合率为64.53%;98例患者行超声造影检查,明确诊断为FNH者82例,诊断符合率为83.67%;45例患者行CT平扫加增强检查,明确诊断为FNH者31例,诊断符合率为68.9%;142例患者行MRI检查,明确诊断为FNH者110例,诊断符合率为77.5%。免疫组化标志物检查显示,CK7、CK19、CD34、GS在252例患者中阳性率分别为78.97%、71.03%、80.95%、38.89%,并呈特征性表达。结论:FNH在影像学上表现出特征性的中央瘢痕改变,可以结合患者的临床表现及病理表型,提高与其他肝脏肿瘤鉴别的准确性。在FNH的诊治过程中,增强MRI结合超声造影可以提高FNH的诊断准确率。对于临床症状明显、短期内病灶显著增大或出现病灶内出血、与肝腺瘤及肝细胞癌鉴别困难者,则需考虑手术切除。     

肝移植术后肝动脉早期血栓形成的介入治疗

目的:回顾分析肝移植术后早期肝动脉血栓形成(HAT)的介入放射学处理.方法:2001年4月-2007年8月37例肝移植术后患者,临床上疑有肝动脉并发症,经肝动脉造影证实23例肝动脉主干内血栓形成.对这23例患者采用经肝动脉内导管持续性尿激酶溶栓治疗及经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)和内支架植入术.结果:本组HAT发生率为3.95%(23/582).发生时间为术后2～19 d,中位数为4.5 d.23例血栓形成部位均位于肝动脉吻合口处,其中6例溶栓过程中使用球囊扩张,3例使用支架,2例出现吻合口出血而使用弹簧圈作栓塞和带膜内支架.23例经介入后溶栓治疗均获肝动脉再通.溶栓疗程2～11d,平均3 d.结论:经肝动脉内尿激酶持续性溶栓及PTA和内支架治疗效果良好,可作为肝移植术后HAT的重要治疗手段.     

原发性肝癌的分子靶向治疗新进展

肝癌是常见的恶性疾病,起病隐匿,明确诊断时常常已到晚期,且多合阡肝硬化等,丧失了手术切除肿瘤的机会,病死率高.近年来,随着对肝癌发生发展分子机制认识的不断深入,分子靶向治疗成为肝癌治疗的一个新于段.一些分子靶向药物有望在延长肿瘤无进展期、提高生存质量方面使患者获益.     

中国肝癌多学科综合治疗专家共识

1背景肝癌是目前我国第4位常见恶性肿瘤及第2位肿瘤致死病因,严重威胁我国人民的生命和健康[1]。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)估算,2018年全球肝癌新发病例约为84.1万例,我国肝癌发病人数占全球病例的46.7%[2-3]。不同于西方国家和地区,我国肝癌患者多数存在乙型肝炎病毒感染和由此引起的肝硬化背景,且大多数患者在诊断时已属中晚期,病情复杂,预后差,目前我国肝癌患者5年总体生存率不足15%[4]。近年来肝癌的外科治疗、介入治疗、药物治疗、放射治疗等均取得了显著的进步,但单一的治疗方法已出现“天花板效应”,难以进一步大幅度提高疗效,亟需联合和应用多学科治疗方法来提高疗效。随着靶向药物、免疫检查点抑制剂在肝癌治疗中不断取得突破,系统性药物治疗对肝癌各种传统的局部治疗手段及其联合治疗模式产生了巨大影响。肝癌综合治疗新策略的涌现,也要求不同学科的医务工作者必须熟悉和掌握肝癌综合诊疗的新动态、新模式。     

肝细胞癌四种临床分期系统预后判断和治疗指导价值的比较

Objective To compare the Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging classification (BCLC), the Japan integrated staging score (JIS), the cancer of the liver Italian program score (CLIP) and Chinese staging system in terms of their ability to predict outcomes and to guide option of therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China.Methods Clinical data of 861 HCC patients from Zhongshan Hospital between 2001 and 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified acccording to different staging systems. Survival for patients in different stages and the effects of therapeutic methods on survival time were compared. Results BCLC, JIS and Chinese staging system showed the ability in predicting survival for patients in different staging. CLIP failed to show significant difference in survival rates for each subgroup. There was no significant difference in survival rate between surgery and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)/transarterial embolization (TAE) for patients classified as BCLC stage C, CLIP scores more than 3 or Chinese stage Ⅲ a.The survival rate, however, was higher in patients received operation than those received TACE/TAE if they were classified as earlier stages. Conclusions The BCLC, JIS and Chinese staging systems show prospective ability for Chinese HCC patients in prediction outcomes, whereas the BCLC and the Chinese staging systems are better at both predicting outcomes and guiding the option of treatment.     

肝细胞癌四种临床分期系统预后判断和治疗指导价值的比较

目的 比较4个分期系统[巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期标准(BCLC)、日本综合分期积分(JIS)、意大利肝癌评分(CLIP)和国内分期]对中国肝癌患者预后判断和对治疗方案选择的指导意义.方法 回顾性分析2001年至2002年复旦大学附属中山医院收治的861例初发肝细胞癌患者的临床资料,分别按4个分期系统分期或评分,比较各期患者的生存情况以及不同治疗方案对其生存的影响.结果 在判断预后方面,BCLC、JIS和国内分期系统的各分期间生存率差异均有统计学意义;而在CLIP分期的一些评分间的生存率差异无统计学意义.在指导治疗方面,BCLC C期,CLIP 3、4分以及国内分期ⅢA期的患者接受手术治疗与接受肝动脉化学治疗栓塞(TACE)和(或)肝动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗的生存率差异无统计学意义;而比这些更早期的患者接受手术治疗的生存率优于接受TACE和(或)TAE治疗的生存率.结论 BCLC、JIS和国内分期系统在判断预后方面适用于中国患者;但仅国内分期和BCLC分期同时兼备了判断预后和指导治疗两方面的作用.