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11.
Elienai Ferreira da Silva Mara Regina Moitinho Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira Elton da Silva Bicalho Guilherme Adalberto Ferreira Castioni Gener Tadeu Pereira Newton La Scala 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):658-670
Soil CO2 emission (FCO2) in agricultural areas results from the interaction of different factors such as climate and soil conditions. Our objective was to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of FCO2, temperature (Tsoil), moisture (Msoil) and air-filled pore space (AFPS), as well as their interactions, during the sugarcane field reform. The study was conducted on a 90 × 90 m sampling grid with 100 points at 10 m spacings. Ten assessments of FCO2, Tsoil and Msoil were carried out at each point over a 28-day period. The greatest mean values of FCO2 (0.74 g m−2 hr−1) and Msoil (31.7%) were obtained on Julian day 276, 2013, being associated with precipitation events at the study site. Also, the smallest values of AFPS (19.17%) and Tsoil (20.90°C) were observed on the same day. The spatial variability of FCO2, Tsoil, Msoil and AFPS was best described by an adjusted spherical model, although an exponential model better fitted some results. The spatial pattern of all soil attributes showed little temporal persistency, indicating a high complexity for FCO2 during precipitation. Correlation maps assisted in identifying regions where Msoil and AFPS better controlled the emission process and where Tsoil was important. A major challenge for world agriculture is to increase the efficiency of conventional soil management practices. We highlight the importance of the spatial pattern of soil properties that directly influence the CO2 emission dynamics. Future mitigation actions should involve less intense tillage and ensure homogeneous applications of soil inputs, thereby reducing production costs and the contribution of these activities to CO2 emissions during the sugarcane field reform. 相似文献
12.
The production of agglutinins to Salmonella typhi was studied in the opossum embryo in the period immediately before and after the development of thymic and lymph node lymphoid tissue. Antibody was found only in embryos older than 8 days which corresponds to an 8- to 10-week human embryo in terms of organogenesis and is the earliest stage at which antibody production has been recorded. 相似文献
13.
Claudia TRANQUILLO Lucas Armand WAUTERS Francesca SANTICCHIA Damiano PREATONI Adriano MARTINOLI 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(4):746-761
Habitats are characterized by different local environmental conditions that influence both behavior and morphology of species, which can result in habitat-dependent phenotypic differences among animals living in heterogeneous environments. We studied 3 alpine populations of Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), 1 living in a marginal high-elevation habitat at the edge of the species’ altitudinal distribution, and 2 occurring in higher-quality habitats. Here, we investigated whether squirrels living in the marginal area differed in 2 morphological parameters (body size and body mass) and/or in the expression of 4 personality traits estimated with an open field test and a mirror image stimulation test (activity, exploration, activity-exploration, and social tendency). Furthermore, we tested whether within-individual variance of the traits (behavioral plasticity) was higher in the edge habitat. Male squirrels in the edge habitat were smaller and weighed less than in the other study areas, while among females, size–habitat relationships were less marked. These sex-specific patterns were explained by a strong association between body mass and reproductive success in female squirrels. Squirrels in the marginal habitat were more active, explorative, and had a more social personality than in the other habitats. However, in contrast to our predictions, behavioral plasticity was smaller in the marginal habitat, but only for the trait exploration. Our results suggest that animals choose the habitat that best fits their personality, and that habitat-related differences in selective pressures may shape animals’ morphology. 相似文献
14.
香草兰营养特性的研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
对海南不同生产水平的香草兰种植园植株的养分调查分析,及N,P,K,Ca,Mg肥料的盆栽试验,研究香草兰的营养特性。结果表明,香草兰植株养分的吸收量以K〉Ca〉N〉Mg〉P,叶片以Ca〉K〉N〉Mg〉P;结果植株养分吸收量N:P:K:Ca:Mg=1.00:0.24,1.39:1.18:0.48,盆栽幼苗N:P:K:Ca:Mg=1.00:0.10:1.38:1.23:0.33;高产园植株Ca,P含量极 相似文献
15.
油菜蚜虫是油菜上一种常发性的害虫,常年发生较重,油菜蚜虫对油菜的危害一是直接取食为害,二是传播病毒病,世代重叠危害,严重影响产量。本文论述了油菜蚜虫的生活习性、危害发生情况、控制虫害发生的原则、防治方法等。并提出了防止油菜蚜虫危害工作的建议。 相似文献
16.
Low salinity increases survival,body weight and development in tadpoles of the Chinese edible frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 下载免费PDF全文
La‐iad Nakkrasae Sukpaporn Phummisutthigoon Narattaphol Charoenphandhu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3109-3118
Water salinity affects survival, growth and metamorphosis of anuran tadpoles. Hoplobatrachus rugulosus is considered not only as a freshwater amphibian but is also found in brackish wetlands. However, whether salinity change interferes with hatching, survival, body mass and development of H. rugulosus tadpoles is unknown. We found that salinity levels of <4‰ did not affect of survival or hatching of H. rugulosus eggs. At an early larval stage, tadpoles could tolerate up to 9‰ salinity for 96 h; however, body water content decreased when salinity was >5‰. After a 3‐week experiment, body weights of tadpoles exposed to 2‰ and 4‰ salinities were higher but that of the 6‰ group was lower compared with the 0‰ group. More than 90% of tadpoles exposed to 2‰ and 4‰ salinity showed complete metamorphosis. Salinity levels <4‰ promoted survival of tadpoles better than 0‰, whereas none of tadpoles in the 6‰ group became juvenile frogs in 50 days. Time taken to reach metamorphosis was shorter for 2‰ and 4‰ (47.22 ± 0.28 and 47.26 ± 0.33 days, respectively) than for 0‰ (49.31 ± 0.35 days). Juvenile frogs in the 2‰ group had greater body weight than the control. It could be concluded that salinity of <4‰ increased survival and body weight of H. rugulosus tadpoles, and shortened the time taken to reach metamorphosis. 相似文献
17.
Early life history connectivity of Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) in the Ross Sea 下载免费PDF全文
Cassandra M. Brooks Jilda Alicia Caccavo Julian Ashford Robert Dunbar Kimberly Goetz Mario La Mesa Lorenzo Zane 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(3):274-287
A recent population hypothesis for Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica), a critical forage species, argued that interactions between life history and circulation associated with glacial trough systems drive circumpolar distributions over the continental shelf. In the Ross Sea, aggregations of eggs and larvae occur under fast ice in Terra Nova Bay, and the hypothesis predicted that dispersing larvae encounter outflow along the western side of Drygalski Trough. The outflow advects larvae towards the shelf‐break, and mixing with trough inflow facilitates return toward the inner shelf. To examine the hypothesis, we compared samples of P. antarctica collected near Coulman Island in the outflow, along Crary Bank in the inflow, and a third set taken over the rest of the Ross Sea. We ruled out misidentification using an innovative genetic validation. Silverfish larvae comprised 99.5% of the catch, and the highest population densities were found in Drygalski Trough. The results provided no evidence to reject the population hypothesis. Abundance indices, back‐calculated hatching dates, length distributions and growth were congruent with a unified early life history in the western Ross Sea, constrained by cryopelagic early stages in Terra Nova Bay. By contrast, a sample in the Bay of Whales revealed much smaller larvae, suggesting either a geographically separate population in the eastern Ross Sea, or westward connectivity with larvae spawned nearby by fish sourced from troughs upstream in the Amundsen Sea. These results illustrate how hypotheses that integrate population structure with life history can provide precise spatial predictions for subsequent testing. 相似文献
18.
黄芪多糖对仿刺参非特异性免疫功能的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
向刺参体腔中注射相同体积(500 μl)的无菌黄芪多糖溶液后第1、3、6 d,测定体腔液中溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及补体C3的含量,研究黄芪多糖对刺参免疫系统的影响.每头刺参多糖含量分别达0.2、0.4、0.6 mg,溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及补体C3含量均在注射后第3 d达到最高,且前3种指标以0.6 mg/头剂量组最高,分别达到232.25 U/ml,45.1 U/ml,966.5 nkat/L;C3含量则以0.4 mg/头剂量效果最好,达到0.09 g/L.经SPSS软件分析,均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),表明黄芪多糖具有增强刺参免疫功能的作用. 相似文献
19.
杂交相思组织培养研究初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】筛选杂交相思组织培养不同培养阶段的培养基配方,为实现杂交相思工厂化育苗提供技术参考。【方法】用杂交相思嫩茎为外植体,探究生长调节剂6-BA、NAA、IBA对其诱导出芽、继代增殖和诱导生根的效果。【结果】在不添加6-BA的情况下,添加0.2mg/LNAA时芽诱导率为60.0%,当添加0.2mg/L的6-BA后,诱导率为42.0%。当NAA为0~0.5mg/L时,随着6-BA的增加,增殖系数随之增加,6-BA为0.8mg/L时,增殖系数为4.2;当6-BA为1.0mg/L以上时,继代苗的增殖系数为1.0。以改良MS为基本培养基,在NAA1.0mg/L的条件下添加0.5、1.0mg/L的IBA生根诱导率分别为17.5%、24.0%;以改良1/2MS为基本培养基,在NAA1.0mg/L的条件下,添加0.5mg/L的IBA生根率为91.7%,当添加IBA为1.0mg/L时,生根率降到50.0%;生根苗移栽基质以黄心土与河沙或蛭石混合较好,移栽成活率在85.0%以上。【结论】改良MS+NAA0.2mg/L培养基是较适宜芽诱导的培养基;改良MS+6-BA0.8mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基较利于继代苗的生长;改良1/2MS+NAA1.0mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L培养基较改良MS培养基有利于诱导生根。 相似文献
20.
Mulinacci N Innocenti M La Marca G Mercalli E Giaccherini C Romani A Erica S Vincieri FF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):8963-8969
Solid olive residues (SOR) are byproducts of the olive-milling process, but they have an increasing importance in the pharmaceutical industry due to their rich content of biophenols. Such compounds are studied widely for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, but there is a lack of information about their quantitative recovery. This research highlighted the key role played both by the selection of the cultivar and by the degree of olive fruit ripening on the phenolic content on the SOR. The extraction methods were selected to reach the best quantitative results mainly using a safe food solvent. In light of the results the Soxhlet extraction with ethanol could be proposed as preferential for a higher recovery of verbascoside and its analogues. 相似文献